UNIT 1: PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY

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UNIT 1: PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY

Learning objective

Learning Objectives

At the end of the lesson you will understand the structure and function of biological molecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. At the end of the lesson you will be able to describe the structure and functions of cellular organelles and processes such as the cell cycle and cellular transport. At the end of the lesson you will know the structure and function of the nervous and endocrine systems, including major disorders. At the end of the lesson you will understand the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system, including muscle contraction and joint function. At the end of the lesson you will understand the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, including disorders and adaptations. At the end of the lesson you will understand the renal and digestive systems, including their functions and associated disorders.

What do you already know about human physiology?

Biological Molecules

Chemical compounds essential for life. Includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Roles in cell structure and function.

Cellular Structures

Detailed structure of cells, observable with electron microscopy. Includes organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Processes such as the cell cycle and cellular transport.

Nervous System

Network of nerve cells and fibres transmitting impulses. Central and peripheral nervous systems. Major disorders affecting the system.

Endocrine System

Collection of glands producing hormones. Regulates metabolism, growth, and development. Includes pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.

Musculoskeletal System

Enables movement and provides support. Consists of bones, muscles, and joints. Muscle contraction and joint function.

Cardiovascular System

Comprises heart and blood vessels. Responsible for blood circulation. Disorders and adaptations.

Respiratory System

Responsible for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide expulsion. Includes structures like lungs and alveoli.

Renal System

Filters blood and produces urine. Includes kidneys and nephrons.

Digestive System

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. Includes stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

Definitions

Biological molecules: The chemical compounds that form the structures and carry out the functions of living organisms, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Cell ultrastructure: The detailed structure of a cell, observable with an electron microscope, including organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. Nervous system: The network of nerve cells and fibres that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body, consisting of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Endocrine system: The collection of glands that produce hormones to regulate metabolism, growth, and development, including the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Musculoskeletal system: The organ system that enables movement and provides support and protection, consisting of bones, muscles, and joints. Cardiovascular system: The system comprising the heart and blood vessels, responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. Respiratory system: The system responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide, including structures such as the lungs and alveoli. Renal system: The body system responsible for filtering blood and producing urine, including the kidneys and nephrons. Digestive system: The system responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, including the stomach, intestines, and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas.

Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

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