Grammar Recap

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• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Grammar Recap

You know the grammar from last year

Present Simple & Present Continuous

Present Simple:

Facts & Habits

Present Continuous:

Something that is happening right now

Past Now Future

How to form the verb

verb or verb+s

I sleep

you sleep

She sleeps

He sleeps

It sleeps

We sleep

They sleep

Present simple

'to be' + verb+ing

I am sleeping

you are sleeping

She is sleeping

He is sleeping

It is sleeping

We are sleeping

They are sleeping

Present continuous

Present Simple

Examples

Verbs

Normal verbs

Verbs ending in "s" sounds

Verbs ending in consonant+'y'

We sit

He sits

I watch

She watches

They party

He parties

Present Continuous

Verbs

I am watching

you are skating (skate)

He is panicking (panic)

We are travelling (travel)

Normal verbs

Verbs ending in 'e'

Verbs ending in 'c'

Words ending in vowel+'l'

Examples

Present Continuous

Verbs

I am stopping (stop)

you are cutting (cut)

She is swapping (swap)

We are playing (play)

Verbs that are short and end in a vowel and consonant

BUT NOT ENDING IN "Y"

Examples

Future Tense

'Going to' and 'will':

• Future predictions

  • Things you are sure will happen in the future

• Promises

  • Things you say you will do in the future

Shall:

• Suggestions

  • Things you want to do in the future

Using it in a sentence

Going to:

I am going to sleep soon.

he/she/it is going to sleep soon.

you/we/they are going to sleep soon.

Will/won't:

I will go home.

I won't (will not) go home.

Shall:

Shall we/I go home?

More future

Present Simple

We can use the present continuous to talk about plans in the future.

I am flying to Madrid this summer.

We are driving to the shops in an hour.

They are protesting this Sunday.

Future plans

We can use the present simple to talk about facts

We leave early tomorrow.

School starts late because of the snow.

The next holiday begins on the 14th of February.

Future facts

Present Continuous

Past Simple & Past Continuous

Past simple:
Something that happened in the past.

Past Continuous:

Something that happened for a longer time in the past

Past Now Future

Past Now Future

Past Simple vs Past Continuous

The past simple & continuous can both be used in the same sentence.

We were cycling to school when it started to rain.

He threw the ball when we were playing baseball.

I fell on the ground when I was running around.

The short event is the past simple

The long event is the past continuous

How to form the verb

verb+ed

I walked

you walked

She walked

He walked

It walked

We walked

They walked

Past simple

'to be' + verb+ing

I was walking

you were walking

She was walking

He was walking

It was walking

We were walking

They were walking

Past continuous

Past Simple

We watched (watch)

She lived (live)

They hurried (hurry)

I grabbed (grab)

Verbs

Normal verbs

Verbs ending in "e"

Verbs ending in consonant+'y'

Verbs that are short and end in a vowel and consonant

Examples

Past Simple

Irregular verbs:

to be > was/were

to buy > bought

to dig > dug

to fall > fell

to go > went

to throw > threw

to sleep > slept

Past Continuous

Verbs

I was watching

you were skating (skate)

He was panicking (panic)

We were travelling (travel)

Normal verbs

Verbs ending in 'e'

Verbs ending in 'c'

Words ending in vowel+'l'

Examples

Past Continuous

Verbs

I was stopping (stop)

you were cutting (cut)

She was swapping (swap)

We were playing (play)

Verbs that are short and end in a vowel and consonant

BUT NOT ENDING IN 'Y'

Examples

Present Perfect simple

Present perfect:

Something that happened in the past, but is still relevant now

"I lost my keys" vs "I have lost my keys"

Past Now Future

Present Perfect simple

We have watched (watch)

She has lived (live)

They have hurried (hurry)

I have grabbed (grab)

Verbs

Normal verbs

Verbs ending in "e"

Verbs ending in consonant+'y'

Verbs that are short and end in a vowel and consonant

Examples

Similar to the Past simple, but with have/has:

have/has verb+ed

Present Perfect simple

Irregular verbs:

to be > been

to buy > bought

to dig > dug

to fall > fallen

to go > gone

to throw > thrown

to sleep > slept

Comparative & Superlative

Simply said:

Comparative = vergrotende trap

Superlative = overtreffende trap

I am fast. (adjective)

He is faster than me. (comparative)

She is the fastest in the entire school. (Superlative)

Comparative & Superlative

Examples

Adjective

smarter

the smartest

braver

the bravest

happier

the happiest

bigger

the biggest

Normal Adjectives

Adjectives ending in 'e'

Adjectives ending in consonant+'y'

Adjectives that are short and end in a vowel and consonant

Comparative & Superlative

more intelligent

the most intelligent

good > better > the best

bad > worse > worst

little > less > least

far > farther > farthest

further furthest

Adjectives with 2 or more syllables

Irregular adjectives

Adjective

Examples