4.2 Sandlandscape/ 4.3 River clay landscape

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

4.1 Shaping the Landscape

Sand landscape

Low laying parts of NL

On the westcoast

In southern Limburg

Mostly in the south and east of NL

In wet regions with an impermeable layer

Around the Rhine, Waal, Meuse and IJssel

Marine clay landscape

Dune landscape

Loess landscape

River clay landscape

Peat landscape

4.2 Sand Landscape

What is sand?

• Rock particle visible with your eyes (sand)
•  Particles as fine as dust (silt)
• Particles cannot be seen with the naked eye (clay)

Where is the sand landscape

• Last glacial period: sand deposited  by the wind
• Sand forms small dunes
• South & east: sand stays at the surface
• West & north: rising sea deposits other soil on top of the sand

Advantages of the sand landscape

• Before the dykes people could live here safely
• Sand is a good soil to build on

Disadvantages of the sand landscape

• Does not hold water very good
• Cannot hold nutrients for growing crops
• Groundwater level is usually deeper than in other soil types

Historical use of the sandlandscape

• Small village with a 'brink' in the middle
• Cropfields around the village
• Forest & heathlands around the cropfields
• A stream nearby
• Besides the stream are wet grasslands

• Change from manure (animal feces) to artificial fertilizer (chemicals)
  
• Heathlands are transformed into farmland or Pine forest

• Farms grew larger & mechanized
• Farmers specialized in crops or livestock  
• 'Factory farming' was created

4.3 river clay landscape

Lesson goals for this lesson

- you can describe two or more natural processes in the river clay landscape

- you can appoint (name) the properties of clay

- you can explain what influence people had on the river clay landscape

The story of humans & the river clay landscape

why is sedimentation very important for the Netherlands?

what are the proporties of clay 

clay is very very small

sand is a bit bigger

loam is both

Now two questions

look first

then answer 

Picture 1

what did you see in picture 1 ?

1. Clay
2. Loam
3. Sand

Picture 2

What did you see in picture 2 ?

1. clay
2. loam
3. sand

From large to small, what is the correct order?

1. Silt, Clay, Sand
2. Sand, Clay, Silt
3. Sand, Silt, Clay
4. Clay, Sand, Silt

Write down 1 advantage & 1 disadvantage about the sand landscape.

Where is the sand landscape located in the Netherlands

1. Along the coast
2. In South Limburg
3. In the East and South
4. In the North and West

What is the open space in the middle of an 'Esdorp' called?

What was the starting cause of farms getting larger on sandy soil?

1. All the forests burned down
2. Less farmers equals bigger farms
3. Farmers specialized in livestock
4. Fertilizer was invented

Excercises

Make the following excercises: 

• 4.1: 4, 7 & 8
• 4.2: 4, 5a, 6a, 6c, 10
• Finished? Start reading about the dune landscape and make excercise 9.