Mastering Past Simple and Present Perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Mastering Past Simple and Present Perfect

Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson, you will be able to understand the difference between past simple and present perfect, and use them appropriately in sentences.

Explain the learning objective and how it aligns with the curriculum.

What do you already know about the difference between past simple and present perfect?

What is Past Simple?

Past simple is used to describe completed actions in the past. It is formed with the base form of the verb + -ed for regular verbs, and the second form (V2) for irregular verbs.

Explain the concept of past simple and give examples of regular and irregular verbs.

What is Present Perfect?

Present perfect is used to describe actions that started in the past and continue to the present, or actions that happened in the past and have a connection to the present. It is formed with have/has + past participle of the verb.

Explain the concept of present perfect and give examples of how it is used.

Signal Words for Past Simple

Signal words for past simple include yesterday, last week, ago, and specific dates or times in the past.

Explain the importance of signal words in identifying the use of past simple.

Signal Words for Present Perfect

Signal words for present perfect include already, yet, just, and ever/never. These words indicate a connection between the past and present.

Explain the importance of signal words in identifying the use of present perfect.

Forming Questions in Past Simple

To form questions in past simple, invert the subject and the auxiliary verb (did) and add the base form of the verb.

Explain the rules for forming questions in past simple and give examples.

Forming Questions in Present Perfect

To form questions in present perfect, invert the subject and auxiliary verb (have/has) and add the past participle of the verb.

Explain the rules for forming questions in present perfect and give examples.

Negative Sentences in Past Simple

To form negative sentences in past simple, add 'did not' (didn't) before the base form of the verb.

Explain the rules for forming negative sentences in past simple and give examples.

Negative Sentences in Present Perfect

To form negative sentences in present perfect, add 'not' after the auxiliary verb (have/has) and before the past participle of the verb.

Explain the rules for forming negative sentences in present perfect and give examples.

Practice Exercise

Complete the sentences with the correct form of past simple or present perfect: 1. I __________ (finish) my homework already. 2. She __________ (visit) her grandparents last weekend. 3. They __________ (not see) that movie yet. 4. He __________ (play) football yesterday.

Give instructions for completing the practice exercise and check for understanding.

Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs have a different form in past simple and past participle. It is important to memorize these forms.

Explain the concept of irregular verbs, give examples, and encourage students to memorize them.

Regular Verbs

Regular verbs form past simple and past participle by adding -ed to the base form of the verb.

Explain the concept of regular verbs, give examples, and encourage students to practice forming them.

Common Mistakes

Common mistakes include using present perfect to describe a specific past event, and using past simple to describe an ongoing action that started in the past and continues to the present.

Explain common mistakes and how to avoid them.

Examples

Examples of using past simple and present perfect: 1. I saw that movie last night. (past simple) 2. I have seen that movie three times. (present perfect) 3. She played tennis for two hours. (past simple) 4. She has played tennis since she was a child. (present perfect)

Give examples of using past simple and present perfect in sentences.

Review

Review the concepts of past simple and present perfect, including signal words, forming questions and negative sentences, irregular and regular verbs, and common mistakes.

Summarize the main points of the lesson and check for understanding.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have learned the difference between past simple and present perfect. Keep practicing and using these verb tenses in your writing and speaking.

Encourage students to continue practicing and using the concepts they have learned.

Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

Have students enter three things they learned in this lesson. With this they can indicate their own learning efficiency of this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

Here, students enter two things they would like to know more about. This not only increases involvement, but also gives them more ownership.

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.

The students indicate here (in question form) with which part of the material they still have difficulty. For the teacher, this not only provides insight into the extent to which the students understand/master the material, but also a good starting point for the next lesson.