complex: relative clauses

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• mavo
• Leerjaar 4

Relative Clauses

Take notes

Any idea what a relative
clause is right now?

Any idea what a
clause is?

What is a clause?

A clause is a group of words that functions as one part of speech and that includes a subject (onderwerp) and verb(werkwoord).

1. Independent clause; A sentence that contains a subject and a verb - It can stand alone

Example: He will succeed. 

2. Dependent clause; Contains a subject and a verb, but it cannot stand alone. 

Example: If you work hard

3. Adverbial clause; a group of words that function as an adverb and that contains a subject and a verb.
Example: When the sun rises, we will escape.

Simple, compound, or complex?


He was hungry, so he ate.

1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex

Simple, compound, or complex?


Karl knew lots about monkeys.

1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex.

Simple, compound, or complex?


Although mat was running late, he seemed relaxed.

1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex

Types of sentence structure

From this perspective, the English sentence has four major building blocks:

 

1. Simple Sentence Structure:  

one independent clause.

2. Compound Sentence Structure: 

two independent clauses  connected by a coordinating conjunction (aka FANBOYS).

3. Complex Sentence Structure: 

one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.

4. Compound-Complex Sentence Structure:

  two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Relative clauses

geven extra informatie. Deze informatie staat altijd in een extra stukje zin, een bijzin. 

I want the dress which the girl over there is wearing.

Mandy loves Jason, who is her boyfriend, very much. 

Wat is de bijzin in deze zin:

Carmen likes her girlfriend Lotte, who is still working.

1. Carmen likes her girlfriend Lotte
2. who is still working

Noteer de bijzin uit de volgende zin:
My oldest sister, who is nineteen, loves driving her car.

Relative clauses level 1

Je extra informatie, die je (over iets of iemand) wilt geven, plaats je in een bijzin. De verwijzing naar iets of iemand doe je met een betrekkelijk voornaamwoord. 

I want the dress which the girl over there is wearing.

Mandy loves  her boyfriend Jason, who is a gamer, very much. 

I look at the painting that was painted by Van Gogh

Welk betrekkelijk voornaamwoord hoort bij de volgende groepen:

Personen

Dingen

Personen, dieren en dingen

which

that

who

Relative pronouns

Who: gebruiken bij personen. 

Which: gebruiken bij dingen.

That: gebruiken bij personen, dieren en dingen. 

.

What do we use if the antecedent is an animal or a thing?

1. who
2. which
3. that
4. whose

Which word do you need?

This is Mary, ...
is taking over my job when I leave.

1. who
2. which
3. that

Which word do you need?

We had spaghetti, .... is my favourite meal, for dinner last night.

1. that
2. who
3. which

Relative clauses level 2

Er zijn twee soorten bijzinnen:

• Met onmisbare / belangrijke  informatie, zonder die info klopt de zin niet. => defining relative clauses
           She is the girl who won a million euros .
• Met onbelangrijke informatie, zonder die info klopt de zin wel. => non-defining relative clauses
          She has a million euros ,which she won.

Bij onmisbare / belangrijke informatie ( a defining clause) kun je het woord which/who veranderen in that.

Let op! Nooit een komma voor de pronoun!

I want the dress which the girl is wearing.

I want the dress that the girl is wearing. 

What is the main difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses?

1. Non-defining clauses identify a noun or pronoun, while defining clauses provide additional information.
2. Defining clauses identify a noun or pronoun, while non-defining clauses provide additional information.
3. Both types of clauses provide essential information.
4. There is no difference between the two types of clauses.

Which punctuation mark is used to set off non-defining relative clauses?

1. Question marks
2. Commas
3. Semicolons
4. Periods

Which word do you need?

The bag ....... I love, is now on sale!

1. who
2. that
3. which

Relative clauses:
Sarah's dog.... is still young, always likes to play with a ball

1. who
2. which
3. whom
4. whose

Relative clauses:
Xander's best friend,... is older than he is, is working as a teacher

1. who
2. that
3. which

Combine using a non-defining relative clause:
My neighbour is an inventor. He is very good-looking.

Combine using a relative clause:

People live in Scotland. They are called Scots.

Combine using a relative clause .

The bag was stolen. I bought it yesterday.

DUS

who	people
which	animals and things
that	people, animals and things
whose	possessions
whom where when omit	if there is a preposition at the beginning of the clause place time only in defining relative clauses

Relative Clauses level 3

you can leave out the pronouns

Sometimes we can leave out the relative pronoun. For example, we can usually leave out who, which or that if it is followed by a subject. (onderwerp)

 

The assistant [that] we met was really kind. 

   (we = subject, can omit that)  ( subject= onderwerp)

We can't usually leave it out if it is followed by a verb.

The assistant that helped us was really kind.

   (helped = verb, can't omit that)

Which word do you need?

I want to read the book........you gave me.

1. which, that , who
2. which, that
3. who, whose, whom
4. who, that

Relative Clauses:
The village .........I lived in had really changed over the years.

1. that
2. which
3. ommit
4. who

Relative clauses:
The man ... car was stolen was on the news

1. which
2. whose
3. that
4. who

Can we omit the relative pronouns in sentences with non-defining relative clauses?

1. yes, we can
2. no, we can't

I understand relative clauses and I can use it in a sentence

😒🙁😐🙂😃

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