Word formation

• newEditor
• English
• Tertiary Education

Word formation

(Nouns, adjectives, verbs)

Noun formation

Choose the right variant: -tion/-sion, -ment, -ance/-ence, -ness, -ity.

1. The __________ (attract) of the city is its old architecture.
   A) attraction B) attractment C) attractness

2. His __________ (amaze) was obvious when he saw the gift.
   A) amazation B) amazement C) amazingness

3. We need your __________ (admit) to enter the club.
   A) admission B) admittance C) admitment

4. Children’s __________ (depend) on parents is natural.
   A) dependence B) dependency C) dependness

5. She has great __________ (confident) in her team.
   A) confidence B) confidentness C) confidencity

6. His __________ (lazy) caused him to fail the exam.
   A) laziness B) lazity C) laziment

7. The __________ (active) of the volcano surprised scientists.
   A) activeness B) activity C) action

8. This __________ (equip) is necessary for camping.
   A) equipment B) equipation C) equipness

9. Her __________ (embarrass) was clear when she tripped.
   A) embarrassation B) embarrassment C) embarrassness

10. The __________ (express) on his face told me everything.
    A) expressment B) expression C) expressness

11. His main __________ (weak) is his impatience.
    A) weakness B) weakity C) weakment

12. Winning the race was a great __________ (achieve).
    A) achievement B) achievation C) achieveness

13. The __________ (diverse) of languages is fascinating.
    A) diverseness B) diversity C) diversition

14. The country celebrated its __________ (independent).
    A) independency B) independation C) independence

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -tion/-sion, -ment, -ance/-ence, -ness, -ity.

1. My mother was surprised by my __________ (choose) of profession.

2. There is a big __________ (different) between these two phones.

3. I would like to express my __________ (grateful) for your help.

4. The __________ (discuss) of this problem took more than an hour.

5. His __________ (decide) to move to another city was unexpected.

6. The __________ (dark) of the room made me feel scared.

7. This invention is an important __________ (develop) in medicine.

8. Her __________ (kind) towards animals is well known.

9. The __________ (responsible) for this project is mine.

10. The __________ (appear) of the singer on stage caused a storm of applause.

11. I need your __________ (agree) to continue this work.

12. The __________ (popular) of online games is growing every year.

My First Day at School

My first day at school was a real __________(discover) for me. I remember the __________ (excite) I felt when I entered the classroom. The __________ (kind) of my first teacher, Mrs. Smith, made me feel safe. She announced the __________ (arrange) of desks and asked everyone to take their seats. The main __________ (different) from kindergarten was that we had to sit still for a long time. I was full of __________ (curious) about everything.

During the break, a boy showed great __________ (aggressive) and pushed me. That was an unpleasant __________ (situate), but the teacher solved it quickly. The __________ (responsible) for order in the class was given to older students. Looking back, I understand that school gives you not only knowledge but also a __________ (prepare) for adult life. My __________ (impress) of that day are still vivid. In conclusion, I feel __________ (grateful) to all my teachers.

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -er/-or, -ist, -ian, -th, -dom, -hood, -ship

1. My cousin is a talented __________ (guitar).
   A) guitarer B) guitarist C) guitarian

2. The __________ (long) of the bridge is 200 metres.
   A) length B) longdom C) longhood

3. We have a close __________ (friend) with our neighbours.
   A) frienddom B) friendship C) friendhood

4. Stephen Hawking was a famous __________ (science).
   A) scientor B) scientist C) scientian

5. The __________ (child) of these twins was very happy.
   A) childhood B) childship C) childdom

6. Who is the __________ (write) of this novel?
   A) writer B) writist C) writian

7. The __________ (wide) of the road is not enough for two cars.
   A) wideness B) width C) widedom

8. He dreams of becoming a __________ (politics) in the future.
   A) politician B) politics C) politist

9. Our __________ (partner) with the German company is successful.
   A) partnerdom B) partnerhood C) partnership

10. The __________ (strong) of the magnet surprised us.
    A) strongdom B) strength C) stronghood

11. She works as a __________ (library) in the city centre.
    A) libraryer B) librarian C) libraryist

12. The __________ (king) was ruled by a wise king for centuries.
    A) kingdom B) kinghood C) kingship

13. He is a famous __________ (magic) who performs tricks.
    A) magician B) magicist C) magicker

14. The __________ (neighbour) is very quiet and green.
    A) neighbourdom B) neighbourhood C) neighborship

15. The __________ (grow) of the plant was amazing.
    A) growth B) growdom C) growhood

16. We value our __________ (member) in the sports club.
    A) memberdom B) memberhood C) membership

My Future Career

Choosing a career is not easy. Since childhood, I have admired my uncle, who is a famous ___________ (science). He works at a university and makes important discoveries. My best friend wants to become a ___________ (journal) because she loves writing stories. Another friend of mine is a talented ___________ (guitar) and plays in a rock band.

My mother is a ___________ (design) of clothes. She creates beautiful dresses. My father is an experienced ___________ (law) who helps people solve problems. My grandfather was a ___________ (teach) of history. He told me many interesting stories.

As for me, I dream of becoming a ___________ (photograph). I love taking pictures of nature. I also think about being a ___________ (translate) because I am good at foreign languages. My sister is an ___________ (art) and she paints amazing portraits. She says that a real ___________ (create) must work hard every day. Our neighbour is a famous ___________ (magic) who performs at children's parties.

I believe that any ___________ (work) deserves respect if he or she does the job well.

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -th, -dom, -hood, -ship.

1. The __________ (strong) of this rope is impressive.

2. We have lived in this __________ (neighbour) for ten years.

3. True __________ (friend) is more valuable than money.

4. The __________ (king) of Denmark is a constitutional monarchy.

5. Her __________ (wise) helped us solve the problem.

6. Childhood is a happy time, but __________ (adult) brings many responsibilities.

7. The __________ (wide) of the river is about 50 metres.

8. They have a successful business __________ (partner) together.

9. The __________ (grow) of plants depends on sunlight.

10. We value our __________ (member) in the sports club.

11. His __________ (brother) is very strong; he always supports me.

12. The __________ (free) of speech is an important human right.

A Letter to a Pen Friend

Dear Mark,

Thank you for your letter. I’m glad we have started our __________ (friend). I want to tell you a little about my life.

I live in a quiet __________ (neighbour) near the city centre. My __________ (child) was happy because I had many friends. Now I am almost an adult – my __________ (grown) has been quick, I think. Next year I will enter __________ (adult) officially when I turn 18.

My father always says that __________ (free) is the most important thing. My mother values __________ (wise) above all – she reads a lot. My elder brother and I have a real __________ (brother). He helps me with everything.

I also have a close __________ (friend) with a boy from my school. We even started a small business __________ (partner) – we sell handmade cards. Our __________ (member) in the school art club helps us a lot.

What about you? Do you have good __________ (relation) with your family? Write back soon.

Your friend,
Alex

Adjectives formation

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -al, -ful, -ous, -able, -ible, -ic, -ive, -en

1. This is a __________ (tradition) dish in our family.
   A) traditional B) traditionful C) traditionous

2. Be __________ (care) when you cross the road.
   A) careous B) careful C) careable

3. The journey through the mountains was __________ (danger).
   A) dangerous B) dangerful C) dangeral

4. The hotel room was very __________ (comfort).
   A) comfortful B) comfortous C) comfortable

5. The horror film was absolutely __________ (terror).
   A) terrorful B) terrible C) terrorous

6. She is a __________ (wonder) singer.
   A) wonderous B) wonderful C) wonderable

7. The problem seems __________ (solve) — don't worry.
   A) solvable B) solveful C) solvous

8. He is a __________ (fame) actor in Hollywood.
   A) famable B) famial C) famous

9. The __________ (nature) beauty of the lake is stunning.
   A) natural B) natureful C) naturous

10. She is a very __________ (energy) person.
    A) energial B) energetic C) energyful

11. This medicine is very __________ (effect).
    A) effective B) effectic C) effectful

12. He is an __________ (act) member of the community.
    A) active B) actic C) actal

13. We need to __________ (wide) the path for bicycles.
    A) widen B) widal C) widful

14. Please __________ (sharp) this pencil before the exam.
    A) sharpal B) sharpen C) sharpful

15. The __________ (music) performance was brilliant.
    A) musicful B) musical C) musicous

16. It's __________ (horror) to see such cruelty.
    A) horrorful B) horrolic C) horrible

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -al, -ful, -ous, -able, -ible.

1. This is a very __________ (use) book for your research.

2. The weather was __________ (awful) – it rained all day.

3. She is a __________ (wonder) singer.

4. Be __________ (care) when you cross the street.

5. The __________ (tradition) dish of this region is very tasty.

6. This problem is __________ (solve) – don’t worry.

7. He is a __________ (fame) actor.

8. The task seems __________ (possible) to complete in one day.

9. The forest looks __________ (mystery) at night.

10. We had a __________ (comfort) journey.

11. This medicine is very __________ (effect).

12. The __________ (origin) version of the text was shorter.

A Memorable Trip

Last summer I went on a trip to the mountains. The scenery was absolutely __________ (wonder). The air was fresh and __________ (health). We stayed in a small but __________ (comfort) hotel. The owner was a __________ (friend) person who told us many __________ (interest) stories.

One day we decided to climb a __________ (danger) peak. Our guide was very __________ (care) and explained all the safety rules. The path was __________ (terrify) at times, but we felt __________ (safety) because the guide had __________ (experience). At the top, the view was __________ (breath) – I had never seen anything so __________ (beauty).

It was an __________ (forget) day. I think such __________ (adventure) trips are very __________ (use) for character building.

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -ic, -ive, -less, -y, -ly, -en.

1. She speaks English very __________ (fluent).

2. This cartoon is very __________ (education). It teaches good manners.

3. Be __________ (care) with that knife – it’s very sharp.

4. The weather was __________ (cloud), so we didn’t see the stars.

5. We need to __________ (wide) the road to reduce traffic jams.

6. He is a very __________ (create) designer.

7. Don’t be so __________ (child). You are an adult now.

8. The soup was __________ (taste) – I didn’t like it at all.

9. She smiled __________ (cheer) despite the bad news.

10. The __________ (wood) bridge was built a hundred years ago.

11. His speech was very __________ (drama) and emotional.

12. I need to __________ (sharp) this pencil before writing.

A Day in the Countryside

Last Sunday my family and I went to the countryside. The weather was __________ (sun) and __________ (wind) but pleasant. We decided to __________ (wide) our knowledge of nature, so we took a guidebook.

My little brother behaved __________ (child) – he was running and laughing all the time. I asked him to be more __________ (care) because there was a __________ (danger) river nearby. But he didn’t listen. Soon he fell into the water. Fortunately, the river was not deep, and he was __________ (harm). He looked __________ (fun) with wet clothes.

My mother gave him a __________ (wood) stick to play with. Then we had a picnic. The food was __________ (taste) because my mother is a __________ (create) cook. I felt __________ (energy) after eating. We returned home __________ (happy) and tired.

It was a __________ (drama) day, but we laughed a lot.

Fill in the gaps with affixes: un-, in-, im-, il

1. This task is __________ (possible) to complete in five minutes.
   A) unpossible B) impossible C) inpossible

2. His answer was __________ (correct), so he lost points.
   A) uncorrect B) incorrect C) imcorrect

3. It's __________ (polite) to interrupt people when they are speaking.
   A) impolite B) unpolite C) inpolite

4. She felt __________ (happy) after hearing the bad news.
   A) inhappy B) unhappy C) imhappy

5. The instructions were __________ (clear), and nobody understood them.
   A) unclear B) inclear C) imclear

6. This document is __________ (legal) because it has no signature.
   A) unlegal B) illegal C) inlegal

7. The results of the experiment were __________ (expected).
   A) unexpected B) inexpected C) imexpected

8. Her behaviour was __________ (appropriate) for the situation.
   A) unappropriate B) inappropriate C) imappropriate

9. This plant is __________ (common) in our region.
   A) uncommon B) incommon C) imcommon

10. The hotel was __________ (comfortable), so we left.
    A) uncomfortable B) incomfortable C) imcomfortable

11. His argument was __________ (logical) and made no sense.
    A) unlogical B) illogical C) inlogical

12. The author of this letter is __________ (known) to us.
    A) unknown B) inknown C) imknown

13. The stars were __________ (visible) because of the clouds.
    A) unvisible B) invisible C) imvisible

14. It is __________ (patient) to interrupt someone who is speaking.
    A) unpatient B) inpatient C) impatient

15. His answer was __________ (complete), so we added more details.
    A) uncomplete B) incomplete C) imcomplete

16. The __________ (regular) heartbeat worried the doctor.
    A) unregular B) irregular C) imregular

Fill in the gaps with prefixes: un-, in-, im-, il-.

1. This task is __________ (possible) to complete in five minutes.

2. His answer was __________ (correct), so he lost points.

3. It’s __________ (polite) to interrupt people when they are speaking.

4. She felt __________ (happy) after hearing the bad news.

5. The instructions were __________ (clear), and nobody understood them.

6. This document is __________ (legal) because it has no signature.

7. He is very __________ (responsible) – he never does his homework.

8. The results of the experiment were __________ (expected).

9. Her behaviour was __________ (appropriate) for the situation.

10. This plant is __________ (common) in our region.

11. The hotel was __________ (comfortable), and we decided to leave.

12. His argument was __________ (logical) and didn’t make any sense.

A Difficult Decision

Yesterday I had to make a very __________ (important) decision. My friend invited me to his birthday party, but I had an exam the next day. It seemed __________ (possible) to do both. I felt __________ (happy) because I didn’t want to disappoint him.

My mother said, “It’s __________ (polite) to refuse an invitation at the last moment, but your education is more __________ (responsible).” Her advice was __________ (clear) – I had to study. However, I thought it was __________ (fair) to miss the party without explaining the reason.

I called my friend and told him everything. He was __________ (kind) at first, but then he understood. His reaction was __________ (expected) – he suggested we meet after the exam. The situation became __________ (complicated) because we found a simple solution. I realised that my fear was __________ (logical) and that true friends always support each other.

In the end, I passed the exam and went to the party. It was an __________ (forgettable) day.

Verb formation

Fill in the gaps with affixes: -ize/-ise, -en, -ify, re-, dis-, mis-

1. We need to __________ (wide) the road.
   A) widen B) widize C) widify

2. The company decided to __________ (modern) its equipment.
   A) modernize B) modernen C) modernify

3. Please __________ (write) the essay – it’s full of mistakes.
   A) miswrite B) rewrite C) diswrite

4. Don’t __________ (understand) me – I meant well.
   A) disunderstand B) misunderstand C) reunderstand

5. The teacher asked us to __________ (simple) the answer.
   A) simplen B) simplify C) simpleize

6. I __________ (like) getting up early on Sundays.
   A) dislike B) mislike C) relike

7. The storm __________ (rupted) the outdoor concert.
   A) rerupted B) misrupted C) disrupted

8. She used lemon juice to __________ (light) her hair.
   A) lighten B) lightize C) lightify

9. We must __________ (beauty) the park before the holiday.
   A) beautify B) beautien C) beautize

10. He __________ (placed) his keys and couldn’t find them.
    A) displaced B) misplaced C) replaced

11. The magician made the rabbit __________ (appear).
    A) reappear B) disappear C) misappear

12. They want to __________ (strong) the bridge.
    A) strongen B) strengthen C) strongify

13. You should __________ (check) your work before submitting.
    A) recheck B) discheck C) mischeck

14. The pilot had to __________ (emergency) land the plane. A) stabilen B) stabilize C) stabilify

15. She always __________ (behaves) when she is tired.
    A) disbehaves B) misbehaves C) rebehaves

16. The new law will __________ (legal) certain actions. (legal → legalize)
    A) legalize B) legalen C) legalify

Fill in the gaps with prefixes: -ize/-ise, -en, -ify, re-, dis-, mis-

1. The government plans to __________ (central) the healthcare system.

2. You should __________ (hard) your phone to factory settings.

3. This mistake could __________ (danger) the whole project.

4. He tried to __________ (just) his rude behaviour, but nobody listened.

5. The new policy aims to __________ (social) healthcare.

6. Please __________ (connect) the printer before moving it.

7. The pilot had to __________ (route) the flight due to bad weather.

8. Don't __________ (lead) the public with false promises.

9. We need to __________ (*proof) the house against earthquakes.

10. She accidentally __________ (placed) her glasses and spent an hour looking for them.

11. The company decided to __________ (brand) its image with a new logo.

12. If you __________ (obey) the rules, you will be punished.

13. The teacher asked us to __________ (paraphrase) the text.

14. The medicine will __________ (relief) your pain quickly.

Fill in the gaps with prefixes: -ize/-ise, -en, -ify, re-, dis-, mis-

How to Improve Your City

Our city needs to __________ (MODERN) its public transport system. First, we should __________ (WIDE) the narrow streets. Then we must __________ (BEAUTY) the central park. Many people __________ (LIKE) the old bus station, so we should __________ (BUILD) it. Sometimes drivers __________ (UNDERSTAND) the road signs, so we need to __________ (CLEAR) the markings. The mayor promised to __________ (STRONG) the safety rules. We also plan to __________ (CONNECT) the old water pipes and install new ones. If we __________ (SIMPLE) the parking system, fewer drivers will __________ (BEHAVE) badly. Let’s __________ (WRITE) the city development plan together. We can __________ (LIGHT) the dark alleys with new lamps. Finally, we should __________ (APPEAR) the old billboards.

Fill in the gaps with prefixes: over-, under-, pre-, co-

1. Don't __________ (estimate) your chances – you might win.
   A) overestimate B) underestimate C) preestimate

2. The engine began to __________ (heat).
   A) overheat B) underheat C) preheat

3. The meat was __________ (cooked) and tasted bad.
   A) precooked B) undercooked C) overcooked

4. The workers felt __________ (paid) for their efforts.
   A) overpaid B) underpaid C) prepaid

5. Let's __________ (view) the presentation before the meeting.
   A) overview B) underreview C) preview

6. The two teams need to __________ (operate) closely.
   A) cooperate B) preoperate C) overoperate

7. __________ (heat) the oven to 200 degrees.
   A) Overheat B) Underheat C) Preheat

1. The truck was __________ (loaded) and couldn't move.
   A) overloaded B) underloaded C) preloaded

2. She __________ (slept) and missed the bus.
   A) underslept B) overslept C) preslept

3. He __________ (estimated) the time and arrived too early.
   A) overestimated B) underestimated C) preestimated

4. The book was __________ (written) by three authors.
   A) overwritten B) underwritten C) co-written

5. We should __________ (arrange) the seating for guests.
   A) overarrange B) prearrange C) underarrange

6. Don't __________ (charge) your phone overnight.
   A) overcharge B) undercharge C) precharge

7. The __________ (pilot) assisted the captain during the flight.
   A) overpilot B) copilot C) prepilot

8. The child is __________ (weight) for his age.
   A) overweight B) underweight C) preweight

9. Different species __________ (exist) in the same ecosystem.
   A) overexist B) underexist C) coexist

Fill in the gaps with affixes: over-, under-, pre-, co-

1. Don't __________ (estimate) your abilities – you are better than you think.

2. The water started to __________ (heat) because I left the kettle on too long.

3. The chef __________ (cooked) the steak, and it was very dry.

4. The workers were __________ (paid) for their hard work – they received very little.

5. We need to __________ (view) the film before writing a review. (preview)

6. The two companies decided to __________ (operate) on the project.

7. You should __________ (warm) the oven before baking the cake.

8. The boss __________ (loaded) the truck with too many boxes, and it broke.

9. She __________ (estimated) the distance and fell into the hole.

10. The author __________ (wrote) the book with a famous journalist.

11. Please __________ (arrange) the meeting for next Monday.

12. The driver __________ (slept) and missed his stop.

13. Don't __________ (charge) the battery – it may explode.

14. The pilot and the __________ (pilot) worked well together.

15. The child was __________ (weight) because he ate too much junk food.

Fill in the gaps with affixes: over-, under-, pre-, co-

A Challenging Project

Last month, my team and I had to __________ (take) a difficult project. Our manager __________ (estimated) the time needed, so we had to work late. First, we had to __________ (heat) the equipment to the right temperature. One of my colleagues accidentally __________ (cooked) the samples, and they were ruined. We __________ (operated) with another department to solve the problem. My team leader __________ (arranged) all the tasks to avoid confusion. However, one worker felt __________ (paid) and complained. The engine in the lab __________ (heated) and stopped working. The __________ (author) of the report helped me check the data. I __________ (slept) because I worked too late. The machine was __________ (loaded) with too many parts. We learned to __________ (exist) with different working styles. Finally, we __________ (viewed) the results before presenting them. Despite the __________ (estimate) of difficulties, we succeeded.

Choose the right option:

1. The government plans to __________ (central) the healthcare system.
   A) centralize B) centralen C) centralify

2. We need to __________ (wide) the path for bicycles.
   A) widize B) widen C) widify

3. The teacher asked us to __________ (simple) the answer.
   A) simplen B) simplify C) simpleize

4. I completely __________ (agree) with your opinion.
   A) disagree B) misagree C) overagree

5. Please don't __________ (understand) me – I meant no harm.
   A) disunderstand B) misunderstand C) preunderstand

6. Don't __________ (estimate) your abilities – you are better than you think.
   A) overestimate B) underestimate C) misestimate

7. The water started to __________ (heat) because I left the kettle on too long.
   A) overheat B) underheat C) preheat

8. Let's __________ (view) the film before writing a review.
   A) review B) preview C) co-view

9. The two companies decided to __________ (operate) on the project.
   A) cooperate B) preoperate C) reoperate

10. Please __________ (write) the essay – it's full of mistakes.
    A) prewrite B) cowrite C) rewrite

11. The company decided to __________ (modern) its equipment.
    A) modernize B) modernen C) modernify

12. This mistake could __________ (danger) the whole project.
    A) dangerize B) endanger C) dangerify

13. You should __________ (hard) your phone to factory settings.
    A) harden B) hardize C) hardify

14. We must __________ (beauty) the park before the holiday.
    A) beautify B) beautien C) beautize

15. The magician made the rabbit __________ (appear).
    A) reappear B) disappear C) misappear

16. The chef __________ (cooked) the steak, and it was very dry.
    A) overcooked B) undercooked C) precooked

17. The workers were __________ (paid) for their hard work – they received very little.
    A) overpaid B) underpaid C) prepaid

18. The author __________ (wrote) the book with a famous journalist.
    A) rewrote B) prewrote C) co-wrote

19. We need to __________ (heat) the oven before baking the cake.
    A) reheat B) preheat C) overheat

20. The pilot __________ (judged) the distance and landed too late.
    A) misjudged B) overjudged C) underjudged

21. The two singers __________ (performed) on the same stage.
    A) reperformed B) preperformed C) co-performed

22. You should __________ (consider) your options before deciding.
    A) reconsider B) preconsider C) coconsider

23. The new policy aims to __________ (social) healthcare.
    A) socialize B) socialen C) socialify

24. She __________ (placed) her keys and couldn't find them.
    A) displaced B) misplaced C) replaced

25. The driver __________ (slept) and missed his stop.
    A) overslept B) underslept C) disslept