gerund vs infinitive

Welcome class! 
 Gerund vs infinitive


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Slide 1: Tekstslide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

In deze les zitten 39 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 3 videos.

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Welcome class! 
 Gerund vs infinitive


Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Learning goal:
- I know the difference between 'the infinitive' and 'gerund'
- I can use the 'the infinitive' and 'gerund' correctly.

Slide 2 - Tekstslide

Gerund (NL: Lezen is leuk.)

Slide 3 - Tekstslide

Gerund or Infinitive
I don't mind reviewing grammar. (gerund)
I hope to learn a lot. (infinitive = to + hele werkwoord)

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

Slide 5 - Video

How do you make a gerund?
Stem +ing 

The gerund looks a lot like a present continuous without the form of "to be"
I love reading.

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

 Gerunds can be used as a subject of a sentence.


EXAMPLES

Eating people is wrong.
Hunting tigers is dangerous.
Flying makes me nervous.
Brushing your teeth is important.
Smoking causes lung cancer.

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

 Gerunds can be used as an object of a sentence.


You may say: “I enjoy drawing.”
You may also say: “Yesterday, I decided to draw.”

Both sentences are correct, but one has an infinitive as the object and the other has a gerund as the object.


Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Gerund - recap
The gerund is a form of a verb (stem + ing) which can be used as the subject or direct object. 

  • Subject (onderwerp)
       Swimming is fun

  •  Direct object (lijdend voorwerp)
      I enjoy going to the seaside

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

When to use a gerund? (besides use as subject/object)
1)Expressions like: it's no use/don't mind/ look forward to:
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
My mother does't mind cooking every day.

2)Verbs like enjoy/ love/ like/hate: 
I enjoy going to the movies.
I hate cycling in the rain.

3)After prepositions:
John is good at working in the garden.
They are afraid of losing the match.

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Some verbs require a gerund and some will require an infinitive. 
Here are a few examples of verbs that need to be followed by an infinitive:
agree: I agreed to go to a party with my friend.
decide: The president decided not to participate in the discussions.
deserve: Everyone deserves to be respected.
expect: I expect to know my exam grade by tomorrow.
hope: We were hoping to avoid traffic by leaving early.

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

Grammar: Gerund vs. Infinitive

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

Gerund
Infinitive
ww + ing 
VERB (WITH "TO")
1. As  a noun (subject/direct object)
2. Verbs expressing opinion:  hate, like, love, enjoy (often/not anymore)
3. After these verbs: to start, to begin, to continue, to stop.*
4. After expressions like: it's no use, it's (not) worth it, don't mind, to look forward to
5. After prepositions: after, before, while, at, from, etc.
1. -
2. After verbs expressing feelings/ thoughts: to hope, to want, to expect, to choose, to hesitate
3. After verbs like: to learn, to manage, to fail, to tend., 
4. After verbs like: to agree, to promise, to demand, to forbid, to refuse
5. In combination with: would love, would hate, would like

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

Using the infinitive without "to" 
  1. Any modal verbs; (would, could, might, must) - I might go home. 
  2. With the verbs; make/let - I make him walk the dog 
We let them win at football because they were only little children.

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Slide 15 - Link

What kind of word is "cycling" in this sentence?
"I am cycling to my work."
A
a noun
B
a verb
C
personal pronoun
D
adjective

Slide 16 - Quizvraag

What kind of word is "cycling" in this sentence?
"Cycling is my favourite hobby."
A
a noun
B
a verb
C
personal pronoun
D
adjective

Slide 17 - Quizvraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

It's worth .... an effort.
A
to make
B
making

Slide 18 - Quizvraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

Angelina doesn't mind ... care of the kids.
A
to take
B
taking

Slide 19 - Quizvraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

The whole class agrees it's difficult ... early.
A
to get up
B
getting up

Slide 20 - Quizvraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

He decided ............................... (study) biology.
A
to study
B
studying

Slide 21 - Quizvraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

We will only succeed if we keep .... (try) .

Slide 22 - Open vraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

I had a cup of hot chocolate after ..... (go) ice skating.

Slide 23 - Open vraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

Mark should remember ... (take) the trash out.

Slide 24 - Open vraag

Gerund vs Infinitive

We would hate .............. (see) you go.

Slide 25 - Open vraag

Gerund vs Infinitive - Make sentences
(let op hoofdletters en punten!)
I - not like - shop

Slide 26 - Open vraag

She would love __________ (to meet) you.
A
to meet
B
meet
C
meeting

Slide 27 - Quizvraag

He's afraid of _________ (to be) alone.
A
to be
B
be
C
being

Slide 28 - Quizvraag

Jane stopped ________ (to talk) to me after our fight.

Slide 29 - Open vraag

I refuse _________ (to help) him.

Slide 30 - Open vraag

I don't mind _______ (to do) that for you.

Slide 31 - Open vraag

Please take your shoes before ______ (to enter) the room.

Slide 32 - Open vraag

ex 1:Sentence examples showing a verb followed by a gerund:

I avoid swimming in shark infested waters.
I enjoy eating chocolate in the bath.
I practise singing in the shower.
I fancy ............. ing    ....... .............................................................
I deny   ...........................ing        ...............................................
They  miss .................ing     ..........................................................
He risks losing .....................................................................

Slide 33 - Tekstslide

ex 1:Sentence examples showing a verb followed by an infinitive +to
I expect to go to London at Christmas
She offers to help out every Tuesday
They refuse to do their homework
We want  ....................................
He threatens ......................................
We deserve   ...................................................
I manage ...................................................       

Slide 34 - Tekstslide

Verbs taking both gerund and infinitive - but with a change in meaning....

Slide 35 - Tekstslide

Slide 36 - Link

Slide 37 - Video

Slide 38 - Video

Slide 39 - Tekstslide