A3 - Unit 4 - All Grammar

Past simple vs present perfect vs past perfect
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EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 3

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Past simple vs present perfect vs past perfect

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

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Present Perfect: Example sentences

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Past Perfect

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Past Perfect : Example sentences

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Mixing it up......

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Mixed Tenses: example text
Yesterday, I was talking to a very dear friend of mine who told me that he had been working in NY when he had a stroke. It shocked me as he has been a very fit individual ever since I have known him. Obviously he survived to tell the tale but it was a very traumatic  experience. 
Apparently, when he reached the hospital after being rushed to hospital, they managed to get his heart going again by use of a defibrillator. It had changed his view on life and he has decided to live life to the full.
I can't imagine how such an event would affect my view on life......I think I would start to regret the things that I have never done. Perhaps I would book a trip around the world and make a list of all the other things I have been wanting to do.....a bucket list I believe it is called.
I had never thought of such things before, but it woke me up and made me pay more attention to my own life.

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Plurals

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Nouns that change spelling
person – people
ox – oxen
man – men
woman – women
caveman – cavemen
policeman – policemen
child – children
tooth – teeth
foot – feet
goose – geese
mouse – mice
louse – lice
also........

a loaf of bread - five loaves (Bread)
a pair of trousers
a pair of glasses

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

Nouns that don't change
aircraft – aircraft
barracks – barracks
deer – deer
gallows – gallows
moose – moose
salmon – salmon
hovercraft – hovercraft
spacecraft – spacecraft
series – series
species – species
means – means
offspring – offspring
deer – deer
fish – fish
sheep – sheep

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Nouns of other language origin
Nouns of Latin Origin:                                                         Nouns of French Origin:  

alumnus – alumni/alumnuses                                        chateau – chateaux/chateaus
apex – apices/apeces                                                         bureau – bureaux/ bureaus
appendix – appendices/ appendixes                          tableau – tableaux/tableaus






tooth – teeth
foot – feet
goose – geese
mouse – mice
mouse – lice
Some Nouns Use the Same Singular and Plural Form
For Examples:

aircraft – aircraft
barracks – barracks
deer – deer
gallows – gallows
moose – moose
salmon – salmon
hovercraft – hovercraft
spacecraft – spacecraft
series – series
species – species
means – means
offspring – offspring
deer – deer
fish – fish
sheep – sheep
Some Nouns Are of Latin/ Greek/ French Origin
For Examples:

Nouns of Latin Origin:

alumnus – alumni/alumnuses
apex – apices/apeces
appendix – appendices/ appendixes
Nouns of French Origin:

For Examples:

chateau – chateaux/chateaus
bureau – bureaux/ bureaus
tableau – tableaux/tableaus

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

Look at the underlined parts of these sentences. What is remarkable about them?
There are tropical fish in this bay!



I think sea cows actually belong to a different species than seals.  


I can’t find my glasses. Have you seen them?    




‘Fish’ looks like a singular form, but it ‘behaves’ like a plural.
‘Species’ looks like a plural form, but it ‘behaves’ like a singular.
‘Glasses’ looks like a plural, but you would expect a singular.

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Quantifiers
(Samengestelde onbepaald voornaamwoord)

Some, any, something, anything.......

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*We can use anybody or anyone - the meaning is the same. It's also true for someone, no-one and
everyone.

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ENGLISH           
Something
Somewhere
Somebody/Someone
Anything
Any
Anybody/Anyone
Anywhere
Anything
No one / nobody
Nowhere
Everyone/Everybody
Everything
Everywhere
Eachother





Some
              DUTCH



Slide 27 - Tekstslide

      ENGLISH           
Something
Somewhere
Somebody/Someone
Anything
Any
Anybody/Anyone
Anywhere
Anything
No one / nobody
Nowhere
Everyone/Everybody
Everything
Everywhere
Eachother





Some
              DUTCH
Iets
Ergens
Iemand
Iets
Geen een
iemand
Ergens / Nergens (Aren't anywhere ...)
Iets / Niets
Niemand
Nergens
Iedereen
Alles
Overal
Elkaar

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Direct Speech + Indirect Speech

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Direct speech (directe rede)
=  Als je letterlijk opschrijft wat iemand zegt tussen
Aanhalingstekens

“Were you scared?” 
Dan said: “It is an unbelievable story.”

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Indirect speech (indirecte rede)
=  Als je omschrijft wat iemand heeft gezegd of gedacht
zonder aanhalingstekens

She asked him if he was scared.
He said that it was an unbelievable story.
She asks if I have a girlfriend.

Slide 39 - Tekstslide

Indirect speech
Let op de vorm van werkwoorden bij indirect speech
Als ‘he asked, she said, he told me’ etc. in de verleden tijd staat, moet de rest van de zin ook in de verleden tijd

She asked if he was scared
He said that it was an unbelievable story

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Practice
Let's practise!!

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Slide 44 - Link