1.4 Rock becomes sediment

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vmbo t, mavo, havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

1.4 Rock becomes sediment

Part 1

Learning goals

- You can recognise the upper, middle and lower courses of rivers from photos.

- You understand how sedimentary rock is formed.

- You can explain how sandbanks, dunes and deltas are formed

Upper course

Middle course

Lower course

The Upper course

Upper course

Upper course

Upper course

<span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">Upper course:&nbsp;</span><br><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- weathering material (sediments) ends up in glaciers and rivers.
</span><div>= <u>sediments</u> that have been loosened by weathering.
</div><div>(rock that is formed by the deposit of material by water, wind or ice.)</div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- height difference large
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- stream speed high
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- deep valleys scoured</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- a lot of erosion</span></div>

The Middle course

Middle course

Middle course

Middle course

<span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">Middle course:</span><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- height differences smaller
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- river flows less quickly
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- power of water decreases
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- less erosion
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- sedimentation of medium-sized pieces</span></div>

The Lower course

Lower course

Lower course

Lower course

<span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">Lower course:</span><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- little to no relief</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- flat area
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- river flows slowly
</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">- sedimentation of small particles</span></div><div><br></div>

Make exercise
2 and 3

1.4 Rock becomes sediment

Part 2

Learning goals

- You can recognise the upper, middle and lower courses of rivers from photos.

- You understand how sedimentary rock is formed.

- You can explain how sandbanks, dunes and deltas are formed

What are the characteristics of upper, middle and lower course.

The origins of a grain of sand

The heaviest material sinks first and the lightest material is deposited furthest from the river.

Delta

<div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">How do you recognize a delta?</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">-A piece of land that extends into the sea.</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">-The river branches into several channels.</span></div><div><span style="color: rgb(236, 72, 77)">-It has a shape of a triangle.<br></span><div></div><div><br></div></div>

Rivers flow into the sea in different ways:

Delta: coast that is being formed when more material is deposited at the mouth of a river than is discharged into the sea by the current.

Estuary: wide river estuary, often in the shape of a funnel (trechter), which has been scoured by ebb and flow currents 

Delta

Triangle

Sedimentation

River split

Expansion (new land)

Estuary

Funnel-shaped

Erosion by the sea

Large mouth, estuary

Inland

The formation of dunes

Sandbank: a deposit of sand forming a shallow area in the sea or a river. Beaches form on these.

Dunes: a mound of sand formed by the wind, usually along the beach. 

Some of the sand that ends up in the sea ultimately forms the dunes.

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Make ex: 1, 4 and 5