1.1 Mountains are formed

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

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Instruction

1.1 Mountains are formed, mountains wear down

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What do you remember?

Plate tectonics

Plates can move in three different ways:

1. Towards each other: convergent
   
2. Away from each other: divergent
   
3. Alongside each other: transform
   

Towards each other: convergent

Against each other	Heavy oceanic crust dips below lighter continental crust = subduction
- Formation of mountains: folded mountains (Himalaya)	- Formation of mountains (Andes) - Formation of trenches

The formation of the Himalayas

On the map of Asia, India is attached to Asia. That has not always been the case.

When the supercontinent Pangaea broke up, larger and smaller continental plates were created.

• In which direction has the small Indian plate moved?
  
• north
• Which mountain range was created when India collided into Asia?
  
• The Himalayas

Ocean floor or mountain?

In the Himalayas we find rocks with fossils high in the mountains. How did these fossils end up high in the mountains?

• Before the collision, the ocean between India and Asia became smaller and smaller.
• Material that landed on the bottom of the ocean was crushed and compressed into rock.
• Due to the pressure, the rock folded and reached far above sea level.

Rock from volcanoes

When the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate collided, the Indian plate moved under the Eurasian plate.

This created volcanism.

www.geolsoc.org.uk

Rock from volcanoes

Liquid magma solidifies under the ground. This creates igneous rock.

This igneous rock is extremely hard and is called granite.

This applies to this region! In South America magma solidifies into andesite.

Old and young

Due to all kinds of processes, mountains such as the Himalayas are gradually being broken down.

This takes hundreds of thousands, or millions of years.

What will happen to the Himalayas over millions of years?

Old and young

The Himalayas

The Scottish Highlands

Old and young

The Himalayas

• young mountains
• high sharp peaks
• deep valleys

The Scottish Highlands

• old mountains
• worn-down peaks
• low height differences

Get started

1.1: 1, 2, 3, 6

Finished early? Improve your map skills: workbook p. 6 and 7 

What is this?

1. Fossil
2. Granite

Could this be igneous rock?

1. Yes
2. No

How can you recognize a young mountainrange?

1. Little relief and low peaks
2. A lof of relief and high peaks

Next week

1.2 Rock changes

https:

Endogenic

Exogenic