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Intro WW1

Age 9: The Time of World Wars
1900 - 1950
  1. WW1  and  the Interbellum
  2. Totalitarian ideologies: communism, fascism and National-Socialism
  3. WW2 and the occupation of the Netherlands
  4. Racism and discimination leading to genocide in the Holocaust
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Slide 1: Slide
HistoryMiddelbare schoolhavoLeerjaar 3

This lesson contains 30 slides, with text slides and 4 videos.

time-iconLesson duration is: 15 min

Items in this lesson

Age 9: The Time of World Wars
1900 - 1950
  1. WW1  and  the Interbellum
  2. Totalitarian ideologies: communism, fascism and National-Socialism
  3. WW2 and the occupation of the Netherlands
  4. Racism and discimination leading to genocide in the Holocaust

Slide 1 - Slide

The Armed Peace

  • The world around 1900: the Belle Epoch (the beautiful age)
  • New inventions: radio, film, airplane, car
  • Rivalry between European countries, leading to 2 Alliances:
                            - The Allies: Britain, France, Russia
                            - The Centrals: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

Causes of WW1
  • militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism+economic
  • The Balkans: the powder keg of Europe
  • Germany’s plan of war: the Schlieffenplan.


Slide 2 - Slide

New technology around 1900
radio 1895
airplane 1903
film 1895
color photography 1907

Slide 3 - Slide

Constructing the Eiffel Tower (1887)

Slide 4 - Slide

The Belle Époque

Slide 5 - Slide

Factory around 1900

Slide 6 - Slide

Humiliating the French in 1871:
German emperor Wilhelm I is crowned 
in the French palace of Versailles...

Slide 7 - Slide

"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.

Slide 8 - Slide

Slide 9 - Slide

World War 1 (1914 - 1918)
also known as The Great war


The Two alliances:
1 The Allies (UK, France, Russia)
2 The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria)

Let's look at their concerns and ambitions

Slide 10 - Slide

  • democratic monarchy
  • colonial empire where "the sun never sets"
  • largest navy (needed to protect the empire)
  • does not want Germany to build a larger navy
1. Great Britain
The Allies

Slide 11 - Slide

  • democratic republic
  • lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871 
  • wants revenge
  • fears growing military power of Germany
2. France
The Allies

Slide 12 - Slide

  • absolute monarchy (emperor Nicholas II)
  • large, but backward country (90% peasants)
  • no modern industry
3. Russia
The Allies

Slide 13 - Slide

  • absolute monarchy (emperor Wilhelm II)
  • only one state since the unification of 1871
  • wants "it's place under the sun" (= colonies)
  • modern industry
  • largest army
  • wants to build larger fleet than Britain
1. Germany
The central Powers

Slide 14 - Slide

  • absolute monarchy (emperor Franz Joseph)
  • internal problems (multi-ethnic state)
  • no modern industry, no colonies
  • has annexed (= conquered) Bosnia
2. Austria-Hungary
The central Powers

Slide 15 - Slide

  • an empire in decline 
  • had lost much territory on the Balkans
3. Ottoman Empire
The central Powers

Slide 16 - Slide

  • Only joined the Central Powers during WW1 (1915)
  • had a score to settle with Serbia
4. Bulgaria
The central Powers

Slide 17 - Slide

Slide 18 - Slide

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1
Causes: = oorzaken

more than one, can even be further back in time

Direct Cause = aanleiding

only one, the trigger

Slide 19 - Slide

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1
M = Militarism (+ arms race)
A = Alliances
I = Imperialism
N = Nationalism
E=Economic competition
MAIN

Slide 20 - Slide

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Slide 21 - Video

Slide 22 - Slide

Politicians at the time called this system of alliances the "Balance of Power"
They believed that the size and power of the two alliances would prevent either side from starting a war

Slide 23 - Slide

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
  • a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
  • examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.

  • a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
  • examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.

Slide 24 - Slide

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
  • Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best. 

  • nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.

  • Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.

Slide 25 - Slide

Slide 26 - Slide

Austria-Hungary: multi ethnic state

Slide 27 - Slide

Slide 28 - Video

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Slide 29 - Video

Slide 30 - Video