Lesson 6: Earthquakes

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

Ready to start

• Phone in your bag
  
• Notebook and pen on your desk 
• Laptop closed on your desk

1. Startklaar

Bij de start van iedere les verwelkomt de docent de leerlingen bij de ingang van de deur, noemt leerlingen bij naam, maakt oogcontact en besteedt aandacht aan hun welbevinden. De docent geeft het goede voorbeeld en spreekt hoge verwachtingen uit voor het verloop van de les door succescriteria op gewenst gedrag, schooltaal en effectief leren te benoemen. De leerlingen zijn startklaar: ingelogd in LessonUp, telefoons opgeborgen in het Zakkie, en JdW-map op tafel.

5.1 Dynamic Earth: Risks from Below and Above

Learner Profile: Knowledgeable

ATL: Structure information & Make connections between sources

Related concepts: Processes

Key concept: time, place and space

Technology and innovation shape how societies respond to Earth’s processes across time, place, and space.

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

Individuals & Societies

Today's program

• Planner 
• Review previous lesson
• learning objectives lesson 6
• Jigsaw activity 
• Check Learning objectives

Periode 1

Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6
			FA1

Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12
		FA2	Recap	Exams	Exams

Learning objectives

1. Classify and explain earthquakes based on plate tectonics 

Key terms: Epicentre & hypocentre, Tsunami, Landslides

How does an earthquake occur?

How can an earthquake lead to a tsunami / landslide?

Activity

Read the text

Answer the questions 

Screens displaying tsunami warnings in Japan.

Kai Naito (AP)

english.elpais.com

How did this earthquake happen?
How can this earthquake impact such a big area? 

• Study the source on the following slide
• Think-pair-share 

How did this earthquake happen?

How can this earthquake impact such a big area? 

Notebook en pen ready?

Hypocentre + Epicentre

Earthquake = series of seismic vibrations originating from the hypocentre.

Hypocentre = the point at which the plates release their tension, inside the crust. Also called focus. 

Epicentre = markts the point on the surface of the Earth immediately above the hypocentre. 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Earthquakes and plate boundaries

• Tectonic plates need to touch: convergent (subduction) + transform.
  Tension grows between the moving plates
  suddenly plates release their tension
     
  
  
• Some earthquakes occur due to human activity,
  such as big construction activiting / mining. 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Earthquake hazards and impacts

• Primary hazard = ground shaking
• Secondary hazard = ground failure, landslide, rockfalls, tsunami 

Earthquake sets of landslide in Japan

Tsunami in Japan

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Earthquake hazards and impacts

Impacts:

• loss of life
• loss of livelihood
• destruction of buildings 
• interruption of water supplies / electricity / gas
• breakage sewege 
• flood due to collapsed dams
• fires
• spread of illness due to lack of sanitary conditions 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Measuring earthquakes

2 types of scales:

• measuring energy released (Richter, MMS)
• measuring effects (Shindo, Mercalli) 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Measuring earthquakes

Richters scale (old)
measures the energy released
1 - 10

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Measuring earthquakes

Moment Magnitude Scale (modern)
measures the energy released
1 - 10

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Measuring earthquakes

Japan's Shindo scale 
Measures the effects on people and buildings
0 -7

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Measuring earthquakes

Mercalli 
Measures effects on people, buildings, and the environment
1-12

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Check learning objectives

1. Classify and explain earthquakes based on plate tectonics 

Key terms: Epicentre & hypocentre, Tsunami, Landslides

Activity 

• Find 1 earthquake online
• Using the key terms: explain how this earthquake occured and its impact.  

Key terms: Epicentre & hypocentre, Tsunami, Landslides

Have a good day!