V4 - comparisons, adjectives and adverbs

Comparisons, Adjectives & Adverbs
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EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 4

This lesson contains 39 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 45 min

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Comparisons, Adjectives & Adverbs
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Slide 1 - Slide

Adjectives and adverbs
What is the difference between an adjective (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) and an adverb (bijwoord)?

Ellen is beautiful
Ellen sings beautifully

Daan is a good piano player
Daan plays the piano well

Slide 2 - Slide

Adjectives
An adjective describes someone or something
It says something about a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)

The cat is very fat
The bicycle is red
Mike is a good student

Says something about what a person/thing is

Slide 3 - Slide

Adjectives
Je kunt de vraag stellen: ‘wat voor…?’

Het uitzicht was prachtig    (wat voor uitzicht was het?)    the view was wonderful

Het zijn goede muzikanten (wat voor muzikanten zijn het?) They are good musicians



Slide 4 - Slide

Adjectives
Bijvoeglijke naamwoorden met een getal schrijf je met streepjes ertussen

An eight-year-old boy
A 30-minute walk
A seven-week holiday

Slide 5 - Slide

Adverbs
Adverbs say something about words other than nouns (verb, adjective, another adverb, a phrase or sentence)
An adverb describes how/in what way something happens
It often says something about a verb

My brother smiles happily
The dog barks loudly
Jane works quickly

Slide 6 - Slide

Adverbs
Je kunt de vraag stellen: ‘Hoe …?’

We speelden niet slecht (hoe speelden jullie?) we didn’t play badly

Karin had alles perfect georganiseerd (hoe had Karin alles georganiseerd?) Karin had organised everything perfectly


Slide 7 - Slide

Adverbs
Adverbs can say something about adjectives

Frank is an extremely good singer
My brother is an awfully careful driver
It’s an absolutely perfect video clip

Slide 8 - Slide

Adverbs
Adverbs can say something about other adverbs

Frank sings absolutely beautifully
My brother drives very carefully
That clip was filmed extremely well


Slide 9 - Slide

Adverbs
Adverbs can say something about a phrase or sentence

Surely, that was a mistake
Fortunately, I had been able to reach him

Slide 10 - Slide

How to form an adverb
Put -ly after the adjective
  • Sure – surely, beautiful – beautifully

Sometimes the spelling changes:
y -> ily            easy – easily
le -> ly            probable– probably
ic -> ically     fantastic - fantastically
Watch out: The adverb of 'good' is 'well'

Slide 11 - Slide

Adjectives & Adverbs
Adjectives:
My brother is a careful driver
It’s a perfect video clip
David is a quick writer

Adverbs:
My brother drives carefully
The video clip was filmed perfectly
David writes quickly



Slide 12 - Slide

Adjectives & Adverbs
Check:
Does it say something about a noun? Then it's an adjective.

Does it say something about any other type of word? Then it's an adverb.

Slide 13 - Slide

Let's practice
For the next couple of questions, select whether the *word* between the asterisk is an adjective or adverb

Slide 14 - Slide

She is a *wonderful* person

A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 15 - Quiz

I have a *fantastic* brother
A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 16 - Quiz

Steven learns very *quickly*

A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 17 - Quiz

Those were some *easy* questions
A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 18 - Quiz

Mark sings *well*
A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 19 - Quiz

My new bicycle is *extremely* beautiful
A
adjective
B
adverb

Slide 20 - Quiz

Confusing adjectives & adverbs
Watch out: friendly, silly, lovely, unlikely are adjectives, not adverbs!

If you want to use them as adverbs, you need to use 'way' or 'manner'
  • He spoke in a very friendly way
  • They acted in a silly manner

Slide 21 - Slide

Confusing adjectives & adverbs
Difficult and impossible don't have adverbs, so you need to rephrase

That boy speaks with great difficulty
I can’t possibly visit you next week
But:
That is an impossibly difficult job

Slide 22 - Slide

Confusing adjectives & adverbs
Words can be both adverbs and adjectives
This counts for words ending in –ly: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early
  • It’s a daily paper            It comes out daily
  • We took an early bus        We got up early

It also counts for: high, low, far, fast, wrong, strange

Slide 23 - Slide

Confusing adjectives & adverbs
Adjectives and their adverbs can have different meanings

Short – shortly
Hard – hardly
High – highly
Late – lately

Slide 24 - Slide

Confusing adjectives & adverbs
Na werkwoorden die een zintuiglijke waarneming uitdrukken, zoals taste, look, feel, smell, sound komt er een adjective, geen adverb

Your chocolates tasted very good
She looked bad

Slide 25 - Slide

Let's practice!
Fill in the correct form of the word in brackets

Slide 26 - Slide

You didn't do your work ____ (correct).

Slide 27 - Open question

That engine is very ____ (noisy).

Slide 28 - Open question

Sorry! I acted ____ (stupid).

Slide 29 - Open question

That cake is decorated ____ (extreme) beautifully.

Slide 30 - Open question

Tim is a very ____ (hard) worker.

Slide 31 - Open question

Comparisons
If you want to compare things you can often use -er, -est
  • Cheap – cheaper – cheapest
  • Short – shorter – shortest
This counts for all 1-syllable and some 2-syllable words (y-le-er-ow)
If they end in a y, the spelling changes to i
  • Easy – easier – easiest
  • Happy – happier – happiest




Slide 32 - Slide

Comparisons
If the word consists of 3 syllables or more, you use 'more' and 'most'
  • Beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
  • Attractive – more attractive – most attractive


Slide 33 - Slide

Comparisons
Choose between more / most or–er / -est
These 2-syllable words: common, cruel, handsome, likely, pleasant, polite, quiet, simple, stupid (e.g. pleasanter/more pleasant)

2-syllable words that end in –le, -er en –ow
Simple - simpler / more simple – simplest / most simple
Clever – cleverer / more clever – cleverest / most clever
Narrow – narrower / more narrow – narrowest / most narrow

Slide 34 - Slide

Irregular comparisons
Good        better        best             goed
Bad           worse        worst           slecht, erg
Much       more          most            veel
Many        more          most           veel
Little         less            least            weinig
Little        smaller      smallest    klein (littler - littlest kan ook)
Few          fewer          fewest        weinig

Slide 35 - Slide

Words with 2 forms
Old            older                oldest
Old            elder                eldest

Late            later                last
Late            later                latest
    
Far            farther / further            farthest / furthest

Slide 36 - Slide

Other ways to compare
Even … als = as … as
  • He’s as old as I am

Niet zo … als = not … as / not so … as
  • She’s not as old as I am
  • They were not as good as we thought

Slide 37 - Slide

Other ways to compare
Hoe … hoe = the … the    /    steeds = more and more
  • The sooner, the better
  • It was getting more and more difficult

Dan = than / then (than na vergrotende trap, then in alle andere gevallen)
  • It’s cheaper than you think
  • First we’re going to London and then to Oxford

Slide 38 - Slide

Any questions?

Slide 39 - Slide