Lesson 16 - Past perfect simple

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

The titanic

Text organization and grammar

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Today

• Return to the Titanic
• Independent work
• Look at irregular verbs test 

Goals

• You can put events in the correct order based on a text
• You know how to show that an event took place before another event in the past (past perfect)

Open your life book

• Open it on page 36
  
• Read "Return to Titanic"
• Work on the next 6 slides. These all have to do with this interview.

Match three of the five questions (a-e) with the paragraphs (1-3) in "Return to Titanic"

Paragraph 1

Paragraph 2

Paragraph 3

A. Did you know you were looking at the Titanic when you saw the first pieces of debris?

B. How did you discover the Titanic?

C. How long did it take to locate the Titanic?

D. Tell me about the experience of seeing the Titanic again in 2004

E. When did you find out about how Titanic sank?

Individual and pair work

• First answer the next three questions about the text on p.36 in the life book.
• Then, with your neighbour, work on the fourth open question and write down their opinion.

What was the secret mission Ballard was involved with?

How did ballard and his team feel when they found Titanic?

How did Ballard feel when he returned to the wreck in 2004? Why?

Discuss with your neighbour: "Do you think the remains of the Titanic should be left on the seabed? Or should they be removed an put in a museum?"
Write down what your neighbour thinks.

Grammar: Past perfect (simple)

• First answer the following 4 questions.
• You will see 4 sentences with two multiple choice answers.
• Please pick the action that happened first.

They went out on the boat after the storm had passed.

1. they went out on the boat
2. the storm had passed

Sophie felt very excited because she hadn't been to a ballet before.

1. Sophie felt very excited
2. She hadn't been to a ballet

He didn't have his phone because he'd lost it.

1. He didn't have his phone
2. he'd lost it

The film had finished by the time we arrived at the cinema.

1. The film had finished
2. We arrived at the cinema

Based on the answers of the previous 4 questions, when do you think we use the past perfect?

"He did not have his phone because he had lost it."

Based on this sentence, how - do you think - do we form the past perfect?

Past perfect - when

• We use the past perfect when we need to make clear that a past action happened before another past action.

• She had eaten lunch before I arrived.

• We always use the past perfect for the first action.
• We always use the past simple for the second action.

Past perfect - when (2)

We also use the past perfect when we tell a story. We use it to describe events that happened before the start of the story

"I visited africa last year. I had always wanted to go there. So I booked a holiday, and..."

Past perfect - when (3)

We do not use the past perfect when:

• the order of events is the same order as the verbs in the sentence

He looked down and saw a coin, so he picked it up.

• When the order of events is clear

We went outside when the sun came out.

Past perfect - form

Affirmative (+) sentences: had + past participle

I had eaten lunch...

Negative (-) sentences: had + not + past participle

I had not eaten lunch... or I hadn't eaten lunch

Questions (?): had + subject + past particple

Had I eaten lunch...

Take another look at "Return to Titanic". Write down 3 sentences from that text that use the past perfect.

Practice

Now that you know what the past perfect looks like, try the next exercise.

• Open your life book on p.161 and read exercise 6.

On the next slide, enter your answers as follows:

had been / had eaten / etc...

p.161, exercise 6
Complete the text with the past perfect simple form of these verbs. Use contractions where possible.

Practice (2)

Now that you know how to use the past simple, try filling the gaps in the following 8 sentences. Only write down what you have to write down in the gaps. (p.161, ex.7)

Example: had eaten / arrived (write everything in full)

note: you have to choose between past perfect and past simple

Tania _____ (not go) to London before, so she _____ (be) really excited.

He _____ (not be) hungry because he _____ (eat) a big breakfast.

My cousins _____ (not come) to my birthday party because I _____ (forget) to send them an invitation.

The match _____ (already start) when we _____ (get) there.

I _____ (not want) to go to the cinema with my friends because I _____ (already see) the film.

Paco _____ (not know) the time because his watch _____ (stopped) working.

The restaurant _____ (be) very busy, but luckily we _____ (book) a table.

By the time I _____ (realize) what _____ (happen), it was too late.

Check - How did it go?

It was difficult

• Read the extra explanation here
• Work on page 19 (explanation) and 20 (exercises) in the grammar booklet.

It was perfect

It was okay

• Work on these exercises: [ex.1] and [ex.2]

• Create 5 past perfect sentences of your own and show them to your teacher.
• After that, study the British Council vocabulary on ELO

Check understading:
When do we use the past perfect and how do we form it?

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Next lesson

Homework: Finish all the slides in this lesson before the next class.