Lesson 1: Internal structure of the Earth

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

Ready to start

•  Phone in your bag
  
•  Notebook and pen on your desk

1. Startklaar

Bij de start van iedere les verwelkomt de docent de leerlingen bij de ingang van de deur, noemt leerlingen bij naam, maakt oogcontact en besteedt aandacht aan hun welbevinden. De docent geeft het goede voorbeeld en spreekt hoge verwachtingen uit voor het verloop van de les door succescriteria op gewenst gedrag, schooltaal en effectief leren te benoemen. De leerlingen zijn startklaar: ingelogd in LessonUp, telefoons opgeborgen in het Zakkie, en JdW-map op tafel.

5.1 Dynamic Earth: Risks from Below and Above

Learner Profile: Knowledgeable

ATL: Structure information & Make connections between sources

Related concepts: Processes

Key concept: time, place and space

Technology and innovation shape how societies respond to Earth’s processes across time, place, and space.

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

Individuals & Societies

Today's program

• Planner + learning objectives
• Reading activity
• Notes
• Research activity
• Check Learning objectives

Overzicht Periode 1

Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5	Week 6
			FA1

Week 7	Week 8	Week 9	Week 10	Week 11	Week 12
		FA2	Recap	Exams	Exams

Learning objectives

1. Why is the Earth considered a system?
2. What does the internal structure of the earth look like?
3. Explain how scientists use seismic waves to understand the Earth’s structure.

key terms: Geofactors, Continental & Oceanic crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere,
Upper & lower Mantle, Inner & outer core, Convection currents, Seismic waves

LEZEN 10 min

Where would we end up if we could dig right through the Earth from The Hague?

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

www.antipodesmap.com

Activity

• Read the text 
• Answer the questions 

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

www.boisestate.edu

Notebook en pen ready?

5.1 Dynamic Earth: Risks from Below and Above

Related concepts: Processes

Key concept: time, place and space

Technology and innovation shape how societies respond to Earth’s processes across time, place, and space.

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

System Earth

• What are systems?
• Why is the Earth considered a system?
• Name 2 other sytems 

System Earth

Geofactors = ?

System Earth

Geofactors = the natural factors that shape and influence Earth's physical environment. These factors influence each other. If one changes, another changes too. 

e.g.: water, plants, soil, air, humans, climate...

System Earth

• What different processes do you know from the physical Earth?

Related concepts: Processes

Internal structure of the Earth

Continental & Oceanic crust

Upper & lower Mantle

Inner & outer core

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

Internal structure of the Earth

Lithosphere = The outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the oceanic and continental crust and the solid outermost layer of the mantle. The lithosphere consists out of different tectonic plates. 

Asthenosphere = The upper part of the mantle between the lower mantle and the lithosphere. Heat from deep inside the Earth keeps the asthenosphere soft and flexible, which acts like a sliding surfance under Earth’s tectonic plates, letting them slide and move.

The lithosphere consists out of different tectonic plates:

Internal structure of the Earth

Convection currents =
Caused by temperature differences.

Hotter, less dense magma rising and
cooler, denser magma sinking.

This circular motion is 1 of the
reasons for plate movement. 

Why is it so hot inside the earth?

The Earth is hot inside because it still has leftover heat from when it formed, it’s constantly making new heat from radioactive elements breaking down, and the pressure deep underground makes it even hotter

Activity

• Work alone and in silence
• Use your laptop to find out how we know what the internal structure of the Earth looks like if we haven't been able to dig such a deep hole. 

Learner Profile: Inquirer

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Activity

• In duo's discuss your findings 
• Appoint 1 person to briefly explain your findings to the class 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Activity

How do we know what the internal structure of the Earth looks like if we haven't been able to dig such a deep hole? 

https://www.nu.nl/klimaat/6303415/al-een-jaar-recordtemperaturen-in-oceanen-tekenen-dat-opwarming-versnelt.html?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

How do we know?

We know the composition of the Earth's layers by measuring
Seismic waves.

2 types: 

• Primary wave (P-wave)
• Secundary wave (S-wave) 

P-wave and S-wave 

Seismic waves

P and S waves travel through the planet Earth after an earthquake.

Scientists studying the waves learned that Earth's core has separate liquid and solid layers. 

Primary waves can pass through

solids and liquids.

Secondary waves can only pass through solids.

Wind van noorden -> kouder

Warme zeestroom-> warmer

How do scientists measure seismic waves?

Global context: Scientific and technical innovation

Check learning objectives

1. Why is the Earth considered a system?
2. What does the internal structure of the earth look like?
3. Explain how scientists use seismic waves to understand the Earth’s structure.

key terms: Geofactors, Continental & Oceanic crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere,
Upper & lower Mantle, Inner & outer core, Convection currents, Seismic waves

End of class activity 

• In duo's make your own multiple choice quiz by giving 4 answer options (A, B,C & D) for the three questions. 
• Your classmates will later try to answer your questions, so make them challenging! 

key terms: Geofactors, Continental & Oceanic crust, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere,
Upper & lower Mantle, Inner & outer core, Convection currents, Seismic waves

Have a good day!