4.1 The dawn of Rome (part 1)

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 1

4.1 The dawn of Rome

The myth of Rome: Two brothers: Romules and Remus are being raised by a wolf. Romules kills Remus and builds Rome.

4.1 Opkomst Rome

What do you know about the Romans?

Goals for this lesson

At the end of this lessen you will...

• Know how the Roman monarchy became a Republic.
• Know how the Roman Republic was organised.

What Age is this chapter about?

1. Hunters and gatherers
2. Knights and Monks
3. Greeks and Romans
4. Cities and States

Romulus and Remus

Early Rome

•  Built on seven hills next to the river Tiber
• Monarchy (so ruled by kings)
• King was advised by a group of nobles = senate

Nobles are people born into rich families with a lot of power. Usually ranked just below the king.

The senate of Rome consisting of 300 members

From kingdom to republic

•  Last 3 kings were bad Etruscan tyrants.
• The last king was exiled.
• The name of the last king= Tarquinius Superbus

Republic

• Republic = a country without a king
  
• Instead 2 consuls ruled over Rome for 1 year
• In bad times (for example: wars) 1 consul would become a dictator (someone with all the power) for six months

Dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla 

Rome was first a...

1. Aristocracy
2. Democracy
3. Monarchy
4. Republic

[R] According to the Romans. Who was the first king of Rome?

1. Remus
2. Julius Caesar
3. Tarquinius Superbus
4. Romulus

[R] For how long could consuls lead the country

1. 6 months
2. 1 year
3. 2 years
4. 4 years

[T] Could you call the modern Netherlands a Republic?

Read The myth of "Romulus and Remus".
b.
Why do you think the wolf is one of Rome’s symbols?

Read The myth of "Romulus and Remus".
a.
According to the myth, who was the father of Romulus and Remus?

Read The myth of "Romulus and Remus".
c.
Why did the boys leave Alba Longa?

Which of these 2 statements is correct?


I. In the beginning, Rome was a monarchy
II. In the beginning, Rome was a city state

1. both are correct
2. both are incorrect
3. only I is correct
4. only II is correct

Rome was built near a river on a hilltop.

a. What was the benefit of building a city near a river?

Rome was built near a river on a hilltop.

b. What was the benefit of building a city on a hilltop?

Which powers did the king have?

Read "From kingdom to Republic" .

Some kings ruled as tyrants.
What does that mean?

1. these kings respected Roman people, laws and traditions
2. these kings did not respect Roman people, laws and traditions

Which of these 2 statements is correct?


I. the Roman Republic was ruled by a king who was NOT a tyrant
II. Two consuls checked each other so none of them could be a tyrant

1. both are correct
2. both are incorrect
3. only I is correct
4. only II is correct

Which of these 2 statements is correct?


I. a dictator had the same power as a king, but only for a short time
II. a dictator was only appointed in times of an emergency

1. both are correct
2. both are incorrect
3. only I is correct
4. only II is correct

In times of crisis, they allowed one person to be in charge.
What did they call him?

Why did they appoint only one person?

Patricians

• =Old noble families 
• Could become senator or consul

Plebeians

• =The rest of Romans
• Could vote in the people's assembly

People's tribune

• 10 rich plebeians
• Protect the lower class from the higher class.
• Plebeians could vote in the People's assembly
• Tribunes had veto right

Volkstribuun= moeten de plebejers beschermen. Ze waren altijd met 10 en het waren vrijwel altijd rijke plebejers

Veto= stopping a discision = 'I forbid it'

People's tribune

• 10 rich plebeians
• Protect the lower class from the higher class.
• Plebeians could vote in the People's assembly
• Tribunes had veto right

Volkstribuun= moeten de plebejers beschermen. Ze waren altijd met 10 en het waren vrijwel altijd rijke plebejers

Veto= stopping a discision = 'I forbid it'

Slaves

Patricians

2 Consuls

300 senators

Plebeians

Rome conquers Italy

• Rome's population grew quickly -> land needed.
• Rome starts to conquer Italy.
• New rival= Carthage

Conquer= veroveren

Read "Rome conquers Italy".
a.
Rome had a surplus of men. What does that mean?

Try to explain why this could be both a positive and a negative thing.

Read "The people of Rome".
a.
What made the patricians so powerful? Name two reasons.

b.
Could the patricians do whatever they wanted in the Republic?
Explain your answer.

The abbreviation SPQR stands for
Senatus Populusque Romanus
(the Senate and people of Rome).
Why could we say it stands for the Republic?

Why do they say the senate and the people? Are the senators not people?