3H - Grammar - Non-, and defining relative clauses

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

CH3 - Grammar - Non-defining relative clauses & defining relative clauses

Bijvoeglijk naamwoord

What do you need this lesson?

- Your student's book

- Your workbook

- Your notebook

- A pen

- Smartphone (on quiet)

- Earbuds/headphones

- Food/drinks (this means water as well)

- Gum

* Bags on the floor

- Jackets/Coats + caps/hats

On your desk:

In your bag (not pockets):

In your locker:

What do you always have to do?

Only speak English!

Take notes!

• Always take a notebook with you to class. 
• Write down the grammar rules in your notebook.
• Write other important stuff in your notebook.

No notebook (or an empty one) means that you've forgotten your work.

Vocabulary list

Create a vocabulary list at the end of your notebook. This broadens your vocabulary and helps you remember more. 

Always do your homework + don't forget to bring your homework, books, pen and notebook with you.

Learning goals

• I know the difference between defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses;
• I know the rules to defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses;
• I can make sentences, using defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. 
• I know the correct relative pronouns.

• That is the woman who stole my handbag.
  
• This is the book that I read.
  
• The car that I drive is a red Mercedes.
  

What happens when you leave out the defining relative clauses?

• That is the woman
• This is the book 
• The car that I drive is a red Mercedes.

*The meaning of the sentences have been completely changed, or they don't really mean anything. 

• My grandmother, who is 86 years old, is coming on holiday with us this year.
  
• My car, which a Mercedes, can reach speeds of 140 km per hour.
  
• Canberra, which is the capital of Australia, is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory

What happens when you leave out the non-defining relative clauses?

• My grandmother is coming on holiday with us this year.
• My car can reach speeds of 140 km per hour.
  
• Canberra is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory.

*The main idea of the sentence remains, and the sentence still makes perfect sense.

Defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses

W

Sentence doesn't make sense without it.

Who or that = people

Where = places

Which or that = things

Whose = possessions 

No commas 

Possible to leave out who or which when they refer to the object

Can go in the middle or end of a sentence. (no comma)

Sentence makes sense without it.

Who = people

Where = places

Which  = things

Whose = possessions 

NO, THAT!

Commas

Not possible to leave out who or which when they refer to the object

Can go in the middle or end of a sentence, with a comma.

Defining relative clauses differences

Non-defining relative clauses differences

Are these relative clauses defining or Non-defining?

1. London, which is the capital of England, is one of the largest cities in the world. _________
2. This is the dress my mother has made for me. _________
3. Queen Elizabeth II, who is 83, has been the queen of England for 57 years now. _________
4. That's the dog that bit me. _________
5. Tom Cruise, who has starred a lot of films, is a famous American actor. _________
6. The village where I grew up is very small. _________
7. Greg, whose job involves travelling a lot, has been in nearly all the countries in the world. ____
8. The office I have just rented is near my home. _________
9. This is the officer that arrested the burglar._________
10. Lady Gaga, who is a well-known pop star, is only 24 _________

Are these relative clauses defining or Non-defining? -> answers

1. London, which is the capital of England, is one of the largest cities in the world. N-D
2. This is the dress my mother has made for me. D
3. Queen Elizabeth II, who is 83, has been the queen of England for 57 years now. N-D
4. That's the dog that bit me. D
5. Tom Cruise, who has starred a lot of films, is a famous American actor.  N-D
6. The village where I grew up is very small. D
7. Greg, whose job involves travelling a lot, has been in nearly all the countries in the world. N-D
8. The office I have just rented is near my home. D
9. This is the officer that arrested the burglar. D
10. Lady Gaga, who is a well-known pop star, is only 24 N-D

 Choose the right relative pronoun to complete these sentences.

1. Jim, _________  I've known for years, is my best friend.
2. My new coat, _________ I bought in New York, is very warm and comfortable.
3. My boss, _________ wife is French, travels to Paris regularly.
4. He didn't even say "thank you", _________I found really rude.
5. Next summer I'm going to India, _________ I've never been before.
6. My sister, _________is five years younger than me, is a lawyer.
7. Galileo Galilei, _________ supported the heliocentric theory, was arrested by the Inquisition.

 Choose the right relative pronoun to complete these sentences. - Answers

1. Jim, who I've known for years, is my best friend.
2. My new coat, which I bought in New York, is very warm and comfortable.
3. My boss, whose wife is French, travels to Paris regularly.
4. He didn't even say "thank you", which I found really rude.
5. Next summer I'm going to India, where I've never been before.
6. My sister, who is five years younger than me, is a lawyer.
7. Galileo Galilei, who supported the heliocentric theory, was arrested by the Inquisition.

JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY. -> Answers

1. My school, which is in Madrid, is very big.
2. Robert Pattinson is the actor who plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga
3. Robert Pattinson, who plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga, is a British actor.
4. The cake I bought yesterday tastes delicious.
5. Michael, whose father is a judge, is a policeman.
6. The computer I bought last month doesn't work properly.
7. Prince Charles, whose mother is Queen Elizabeth, will be the king of England one day.
8. The dog I was given is very friendly.
9. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which I enjoyed a lot, was written by Mark Twain.
10. Mrs Kelly is the woman who took me to hospital when I fainted at school

JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY.

1. My school is very big. It is in Madrid. 
2. Robert Pattinson is an actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga. 
3. Robert Pattinson is a British actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga.
4. I bought this cake yesterday. It tastes delicious.
5. Michael is a policeman. His father is a judge. 
6. I bought a computer last month. It doesn't work properly. 
7. Prince Charles will be the king of England one day. 
8. I was given a dog. It is very friendly. 
9. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain. I enjoyed it a lot. 
10. Mrs Kelly is the woman. She took me to hospital when I fainted at school. 

Done? 

• Give your notebook to your classmate and vice versa. 
• Check each other's answers. 
• Do you think it should be done differently. Underline that sentence and write that sentence in your notebook. 
• We'll check the answers together. 

Learning goals

• I know the difference between defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses;
• I know the rules to defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses;
• I can make sentences, using defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses.
• I know the correct relative pronouns.

Homework

Exercises:

Study: Student's book

- Non-defining relative clauses: (p.112)

- Phrasal verbs: separable (p.129)

- Defining relative clauses:  (p.112)

- Agent nouns + useful phrases with work (p.129)