V4 CPE unit 3

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 4

CPE unit 3
Strange behaviour

Objectives

• You're able to identify and discuss strange behaviour and behave well ;)
• You understand and are able to use the conditional structures
• You can identify the correct use of modifiers.

Speaking activity from page 28 ex 1

Have you've ever seen really weird behaviour in people or animals? 

Today's Programme

- Translation Practice

- Conditionals Recap

Lesson Objective:

• You can translate sentences from Dutch to English taking into account the necessary grammatical changes.
• You know how to form a (mixed) conditional in different forms, i.e. NOT ONLY using 'if'.

Translation practice

1. Zij had echt niet moeten liegen. Tegen je moeder moet je altijd helemaal eerlijk zijn.

2. We hebben zaterdag eerst gezwommen, paard gereden en luid gezongen en daarna hebben we brieven geschreven en aandacht aan ons huiswerk besteed.

3. James is een beroemde fotograaf. Hij moet wel meer dan 30 verschillende camera's hebben.

4. Als de politie niet op tijd gearriveerd was, dan was de situatie slecht af gelopen, en had die man nu misschien niet meer geleefd.

Translation practice KEY

1. Zij had echt niet moeten liegen. Tegen je moeder moet je altijd helemaal eerlijk zijn.

She really shouldn't have lied. To your mother you must/should always be completely honest.

2. We hebben zaterdag eerst gezwommen, paard gereden en luid gezongen en daarna hebben we brieven geschreven en aandacht aan ons huiswerk besteed. 

(On) Saturday we first swam, rode horses and sang loudly and then/after that we wrote letters and paid attention to our homework.

3. James is een beroemde fotograaf. Hij moet wel meer dan 30 verschillende camera's hebben.

James is a famous photographer. He must have got/ must own over 30 different cameras.

4. Als de politie niet op tijd gearriveerd was, dan was de situatie slecht af gelopen, en had die man nu misschien niet meer geleefd.

If the police hadn't arrived in time, the situation would have ended badly, and that man might not have been alive anymore.

Corpus spot p. 26

If someone treats these two things equally, he can easily succeed in both, unless he does not succumb to the temptation of laziness.

Corpus spot p. 26

If someone treats these two things equally, he can easily succeed in both, unless he does not succumb to the temptation of laziness.

What can you say about this sentence?

Corpus spot p. 26

If someone treats these two things equally, he can easily succeed in both, unless he does not succumb to the temptation of laziness.

What can you say about this sentence?

Corpus spot p. 26

If someone treats these two things equally, he can easily succeed in both, unless he succumbs to the temptation of laziness.

What can you say about this sentence?

Conditionals

Can you think of an example?

Do you remember its form?

If you ......... more seriously, you would have passed your exams.

1. would have studied
2. would study
3. studied
4. had studied

If you heat water at 100 degrees, it ......

1. will boil
2. boils

If it (rain)......, we ........ (cancel) the party.

1. rains, cancel
2. rains, will cancel
3. will rain, will cancel
4. rained, would cancel

If my little brother ..... (be) rich, he ..... (buy) each and every lego brick set he could possibly find.

1. would be, would buy
2. were, 'd buy
3. had been, would have bought

A mixed conditional

Just to let you know they exist

If I ..... (be) Sywert Van Lienden, I .... (be) open about my profits when I first realised I'd get rich, but he decided otherwise.

1. were, would have been
2. would be, would have been
3. would be, had been
4. had been, would have been open

If I were Geert Wilders, I would not have made the decision to blow up the cabinet, but he evidently thought it was the right thing for him to do.

were --> hypothetical now (=2nd conditional)

would not have made --> past (=3rd conditional)

MIND YOU: You will find this construction at ex. 4.g in the book.

In the Course Book

You'll find (more) examples of conditionals using different constructions, such as:

Provided ... (=if)

Or inverted conditionals:

Should ... (=inverted 1st)

Were ... (=inverted 2nd)

Had ... (=inverted 3rd)

If Mr Tip weren't here, we wouldn't be doing anything.
Were ...

If I had studied harder, I might have passed the test.
Had ...

You will be allowed to follow the course, if you prepare for it well.
Provided that ...

What does quite mean?

1. You are actually quite good.
2. That is quite ridiculous.

What does quite mean?

1. You are actually quite good.
2. That is quite ridiculous.

'fairly' (DU: 'best wel') 

What does quite mean?

1. You are actually quite good.
2. That is quite ridiculous.

'fairly' (DU: 'best wel') 

'completely'

What does quite mean?

1. You are actually quite good.
2. That is quite ridiculous.

'fairly' (DU: 'best wel') 

'completely'

What's the difference between good and ridiculous?

good = gradable

ridiculous = ungradable

Adverbs of degree (modifiers)

• express ‘how much’ or to what extent we do something.
• can modify an adjective, another adverb or a verb. Have a look at the following example
• either intensify the meaning (I am extremely hungry) or make it weaker (I’m fairly certain I locked the door). 
• Common adverbs of degree include: very, slightly, quite, rather, totally, fairly, absolutely and extremely.

Rather

Question: Is there a difference in meaning of ‘rather’?

•  Rather good and rather bad
• Rather desperate and rather hopeful
  
• Rather inspiring and rather boring
  

Yes, there is!

more than expected                                          moderately

Rather good and rather bad

Rather desperate and rather hopeful

moderately                                             more than expected  

Gradable adjectives

There are many adverbs that intensify, or make the meaning stronger. The choice of adverb depends on whether the adjective (which the adverb is intensifying) is gradable or ungradable.

For example, ‘hot’ is a gradable adjective, but ‘boiling’ is ungradable. 

Intensifier + gradable adjective      Intensifier + ungradable adjective

Very cold                                                Absolutely freezing

Extremely tired                                    Completely exhausted

Really happy                                         Absolutely ecstatic

Very hungry                                          Totally starving

Exercises and key on http://www.autoenglish.org/generalgrammar/gr.degree.pdf

https://www.learninsta.com/adverbs-of-degree-exercises-for-class-4/

Quite meaning ‘fairly’ or ‘completely”?

Quite disastrous

Quite beautiful

Quite intelligent

Quite angry

Quite terrifying

Quite sad

Quite superb

Finish unit 3 CPE grammar and vocab exercises for next Thursday

When analysing sources

   .

Strength of reasoning:  • logic                              • structure                           * counterarguments used

                                                  • balance                       • claims                                • empathy shown. 

Authority and expertise  • ability to know.

Use of language:  • tone – emotive, exaggerated, precise, measured

                                      • clarity.

Evidence:         • range of information and depth                                 • relevance

                              • sufficiency – sample                                                        • source – media; internet

                              • date – how recent                                                             • different types of information – fact, opinion, value, anecdote

                               • testimony – from experience and expert. 

Sources of bias or vested interest:               • local interest                               • personal interest

                                                                                       • political                                          • economic

                                                                                       • personal values                          • experience. 

Candidates may support their judgement by considering: