Methodology 2.8

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• Studiejaar 2

Explain the difference between language learning and acquisition...

What is motherese and give two examples?

Infants learn oral language from other human role models through a process involving imitation, rewards, and practice. Human role models in an infant's environment provide the stimuli and rewards.

1. Behaviorism
2. Innatism
3. Language Acquisition Device
4. Universal grammar

An alleged instinctive mental capacity which enables an infant to acquire and produce language.

1. Behaviorism
2. Innatism
3. Language Acquisition Device
4. Universal grammar

A theory in linguistics usually credited to Noam Chomsky that suggests that the ability to learn grammar is built into the human brain from birth regardless of language.

1. Behaviorism
2. Innatism
3. Language Acquisition Device
4. Universal grammar

What happens if you over-generalise grammatical patterns? Give an example.

What is the critical age period? Is it impossible to acquire a language after this? How then?

Krashen's SLA theory

Natural order hypothesis

Acquisition-learning hypothesis

Monitor hypothesis

Input hypothesis

Affective filter hypothesis

Before the learner produces an utterance, he or she internally scans it for errors, and uses the learned system to make corrections.

1. Input hypothesis
2. Monitor hypothesis
3. Natural order hypothesis
4. Affective filter hypothesis

A language learner gains the most benefit from receiving linguistic input that is just beyond his or her current interlanguage, or level of grammatical understanding. (i+1)

1. Input hypothesis
2. Monitor hypothesis
3. Natural order hypothesis
4. Affective filter hypothesis

A student’s anxiety, low self esteem, or lack of motivation can serve to cause a mental block preventing the successful acquisition of a second language.

1. Input hypothesis
2. Monitor hypothesis
3. Natural order hypothesis
4. Affective filter hypothesis

Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky)?

CLT

Principles of Communicative Language Teaching:

• Make real communication the focus of language learning.
  
• Provide opportunities for learners to experiment and try out what they know.
  
• Provide opportunities for learners to develop both accuracy and fluency.
  
• Link the different skills such as speaking, reading, and listening together, since they usually occur so in the real world
  
• Let students induce or discover grammar rules.
  
• Be tolerant of learners’ errors as they indicate that the learner is building up his or her communicative competence.
  
• Focus more on achieving communicative competence with students without neglecting grammatical competence and on fluency without neglecting accuracy.
  
• The role of the teacher in the language classroom is that of a facilitator, who creates a classroom climate conducive to language learning and provides opportunities for students to use and practice the language and to reflect on language use and language learning.
  

This method mirrors the way children learn their mother tongue; parents instruct and the child physically responds to this. For example: “look at mommy”, or “give me the ball”. Eventually, children will start to speak spontaneously.

1. Total Physical Response
2. Grammar-translation method
3. Audio-lingual method
4. Task-based learning