Contraception
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Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Contraceptive Methods
To avoid becoming pregnant through sexual intercourse, people use contraception.
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Model
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Contraceptive Methods
To avoid becoming pregnant through sexual intercourse, people use contraception.
Model
Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Barrier Methods ( Non- Hormonal)
Condoms (male/female) are worn over the penis or inside the vagina. They work by preventing sperm from getting to the egg cell.
They are the ONLY method that prevents Sexually Transmited Infections.
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Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Barrier Methods ( Non- Hormonal)
Diaphragm (female)
A device that is put into the vagina to cover the cervix. It works by preventing the sperm from getting to the egg.
Should be used with...
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Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Spermicidal cream (females)
This cream is toxic to sperm and is most effective when used with another barrier method (e.g. condom or diaphragm).
It works by blocking the entrance of the cervix and killing any sperm that makes contact with it.
Barrier Methods (Non- Hormonal)
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Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Intrauterine Device (IUDs)
IUDs work by preventing a fertilised egg from imbedding into the uterine wall.
Hormone based IUDs release progesterone that mimic pregnancy, preventing the release of FSH.
Can stay in the uterus for 3-5 years.
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Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Contraceptive Pill (Hormone-based)
The contraceptive pill works by releasing a combination of oestrogen and/or progesterone.
These hormones prevent the release of FSH and a follicle never matures.
99% effective when used properly, but you must remember to take them at the same time every day.
https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/files/pil.1524.pdf
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Driving question: How can fertility be controlled ?
Contraceptive Patch/Injection/Implant (Hormone-based)
The contraceptive patches, injections and implants works by slowly releasing a progesterone.
The presence of progesterone prevent the release of FSH and a follicle never matures.
99% effective when used properly, but you must remember replace regularly.
Model
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Other contraceptive methods
Abstinence - If you don’t want to get pregnant don’t engage in sexual intercourse
Tubal Ligation or Vasectomy (surgical) the fallopian tubes or vas deferens are cut and tied block both ends so that the sperm or egg cannot go anywhere.
Sterilisation (surgical) removal of testes or ovaries/uterus. Replaced with hormone therapy as the gland has been removed.
Condom
Femidom
Implant
Diaphragm with spermicide
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Condom
Femidom
Implant
Diaphragm with spermicide
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Implant
Copper IUD
IUD
Oral contraception
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Implant
Copper IUD
IUD
Oral contraception
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Tasks
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Yes
No
Some
Yes
+99% effective**
Relieves other symptoms
- Cause side effects
- must remember to take
- No protect against STIs
+98% effective**
Protect against STIs**
- Men don’t like wearing them
- They can break/slip
- Expensive
**When used correctly**
+99% effective**
Lasts 5 years
- Cause side effects
- change every 3 years
- No protect against STIs
+99% effective
Lasts 3 years
- Cause side effects
- No protect against STIs
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Try & Apply
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Any technology/method that is used to prevent pregnancy.
Condoms,
Diaphragm,
some IUDs
Condoms are the ONLY form of contraceptive that will protect against STIs.
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Contains hormones to inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature.
The patch, implant, injection
Oral contraceptives
Condoms and diaphragm
Spermicides
A slow release progesterone contraceptive to inhibit the maturation and release of eggs
The patch, implant, injection
Oral contraceptives
Condoms and diaphragm
Spermicides
Barrier methods to prevent sperm reaching eggs.
The patch, implant, injection
Oral contraceptives
Condoms and diaphragm
Spermicides
Kills or disables sperm
The patch, implant, injection
Oral contraceptives
Condoms and diaphragm
Spermicides
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Driving question: How can we use our knowledge of hormones to control fertility?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
Progesterone prevents the implantation of an embryo on the uterine wall, by making the body think its pregnant.
The disadvantages of using hormone based contraceptives is that they often cause negative side effects on the woman’s body.
