Contraindications that Prevent L2.pptx

• newEditor
• Anatomy and physiology
• Further Education (Key Stage 5)

Contra- Indications and structure of the skin

Define absolute and relative contra-indications.

Identify examples of each type relevant to beauty therapy.

Explain why recognising contra-indications is essential for client safety.

Identify the 3 main layers of the skin

Describe the basic functions of the skin.

Name the five layers of the epidermis in order.

Relate structure to function in simple terms

• No entering the classroom without a tutor 

• No food or drinks  when entering the classroom- Only water in a clear bottle

• Log onto a Chromebook

•  Participate fully in your session

• No Hands up- Questions- No opt out 

• No use of mobile phones- unless instructed to by tutor

• Learning Review booklets/ Knowledge organisers 

• Remember to put Chromebooks at the end of session and remember to log out and put back on charge. 

• Treat everyone with respect

KEY WORDS

EPIDERMIS, DERMIS, HYPODERMIS, THERMOREGULATION

(TH-UH-RM-OH-REG-YOU-LAY-SHUN), MELANOCYTE ( MEL-AN-OH-CYTE) , CONTRA-INDICATION

Which words do you associate with "client safety" and "skin conditions"?

CONTRA-INDICATION

• A Problematic symptom that indicates that a treatment may not proceed or needs to be modified

• For example, a client coming into the salon with a skin disease or if a client has a painful cut in the area you wish to treat.

What is the difference between a disease and a disorder?

What is the difference between a disorder and a disease?

DISEASE

• Can be caught from someone or something.

• Can be contagious

• Prevents a treatment from happening

• Usually, cause is genetic

• A condition which is non-contagious

• A treatment may go ahead but modifications to the plan are needed

DISORDER

Health & Safety

• It is important that a beauty therapist recognises conditions that affect the treatment that they have been asked to perform.

• These conditions will be referred to as Contra-Indications.

• Not all contra-indications prevent a treatment

What is a contra-indication?

A

A condition which either prevents or restricts a service.

B

A contagious skin condition.

C

A non-infectious condition

D

Stops the treatment from being carried out.

What are the consequences of not recognising a contra-indication?

Consequences of not recognising contra-indications….

• Infections get passed on to others, including the therapist

• Cause further damage to the client

• Salon is prosecuted

• Salon reputation

The next slides contain pictures and description for specific contra-indications

Micro-organisms

Micro organisms are organisms (germs) that are too small to be seen with the naked eye & can cause different types of infections

Micro- organisms can come in different types…

• Bacteria (bacterial)

• Virus (viral)

• Fungus (fungal)

• Parasite

Bacteria

Tiny single celled organism

Can be attacked with antibiotics

Can be useful (non pathogenic)

Can be harmful (pathogenic)

Can breed outside the body

Six conditions are needed to grow

Grow from spores and multiply quickly

Can lie dormant

until conditions are more favourable

Environmental conditions needed to grow

Bacteria needs favourable conditions to thrive-

• FOOD

• OXYGEN

• DARK

• WARMTH – body temperature 37

• ALKALINE CONDITIONS 7-8 Ph

• MOISTURE

Contra-indications that prevent treatments taking place

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

IMPETIGO

• Caused by staphylococci and streptococci infections

• Usually found on the face, but found on areas where skin has been irritated

• Can be a secondary infection, e.g. eczema which becomes infected with impetigo

• Starts as a raised red area of skin, which quickly forms into small honey coloured blisters

• These become covered with yellow crusts

• Very contagious

CONJUCTIVITIS

• very contagious

• Inflammation of the conjuctiva – the transparent membrane covering the white of the eye

• Causes swollen eyes, redness, itching and watery discharge

• Discharge may contain pus and cause eyelids to stick together

STYE aka HORDEOLUM

• Contagious condition

• Small boil at the base of an eyelash follicle

• Red, raised and painful

• Swelling to the area

• Sometimes bursts with pus erupting

BOIL aka FURUNCLES

• A furuncle – commonly known as a boil – is a deep abscess of a hair follicle

• Groups of boils are called carbuncles, this means that more than just one hair follicle is affected.

• Starts slightly raised, tender red area of the skin

• Rapidly develops into a large, painful pustule, with a head

• It discharges a greenish-yellow core and pus

• Contagious

PARONYCHIA

• Bacterial infection of the folds of skin around the nail - contagious

• Caused by bad manicure or harsh habits

• Erythema, swelling and tenderness occurs

• If not treated, pus can form around and under the nail plate

ONYCHIA

• Bacterial infection of the nail fold.

• The skin around the nail will become red in colour and pus may be present

• This is contagious

Which of the following is a contra indication to waxing?

A

Dry skin

B

Sunburn

C

Pregnancy

D

Recent exfoliation

What is a contra indication to getting a facial?

A

Oily skin

B

Mild acne

C

Recent moisturizing

D

Active cold sores

What is a contra indication to applying makeup?

A

Wrinkles

B

Open wounds

C

Dry skin

D

Recent face mask

Which of the following is a contra indication to getting a manicure?

A

Chipped nail polish

B

Recent hand cream application

C

Dry cuticles

D

Nail infections

What is a contra indication to receiving a pedicure?

A

Recent foot soak

B

Ingrown toenails

C

Calluses

D

Athlete's foot

Contra-indications that prevent a treatment

VIRAL INFECTIONS

Virus

Much smaller than Bacteria

Only live in living cells

Spreads quickly and can resist medical treatment

Most viruses enter the body via the mouth or skin

Treated with antiviral drugs

Made of protein and can mimic host cell and copies it

HERPES SIMPLEX aka COLD SORE

• Usually on the lips, but can be found on side of nose and cheeks

• The virus lies dormant in sensory nerve endings and is activated by a bad cold, sunlight or being run down

• Once you have the virus it will be present in the body for life

• Seen as a red patch with tingling, burning and itching

• Blisters develop into a moist crusty patch

• Very contagious when a present on the skin

HERPES ZOSTER aka SHINGLES

• Painful condition and highly contagious

• The virus attacks along the nerve endings causing redness and itching of the skin along the nerve path

• Blister develop, similar to chicken pox, then forms crusts.

• Can appear purplish pink colour on the skin

WARTS

• Very common – contagious

• Grows on the skin

• Caused by the human papilomavirus

• Can be flat or raised, flesh coloured or dark

• They are firm, round or irregular growths which have a rough surface

VERRUCA akaPLANTAR WARTS

• Flat warts on the sole of the foot

• Caused by the papilomavirus - contagious

• May occur singly or in clusters

• Starts as a small dark dot, which grows into a light coloured hard, rough growth

• Flattened due to pressure and can be painful

• Often caught from communal swimming areas

Verrucae Filliformis

• Commonly known as facial warts, often found on the eyelid and neck.

• Caused by the HPV virus

• Client would be contra-indicated for treatments on the face and eyes

Infestations

WARNING THESE SLIDES WILL MAKE YOU ITCHY!!

INFESTATIONS…

Small insects which cause disease by:

• Invading the skin

• Using human blood

• Protein for nourishment

SCABIES

• A skin infestation by the SARCOPTES SCABIEIE – itch mite

• Highly contagious by direct or indirect contact

• The mites burrow into the skin

• Can be seen as grey, scaly swellings

• Causes itching and redness

• Must be treated with an insecticidal lotion

PEDICULOSIS lice infestation

• Live parasites – 2 types

• PEDICULOSIS CAPITIS – head lice

• PEDICULOSIS CORPORIS – body lice

• Spread by direct contact

• Small insects which feed off blood

• Females lay eggs daily (nits) which hatch into lice and live for several weeks and the cycle continues until eradication

• May lead to skin inflammation and infection

• Needs to be treated with an insecticidal lotion

FUNGUS

Live off dead skin ( hair & nails)

Easily transmitted

Made of yeasts or moulds

Plants containing no chlorophyll (means they are not green in colour

Can be treated with antifungus cream

ONYCHOMYCOSIS aka Tinea Ungium

• FUNGAL infection of the nails

• Causes nails to be thickened, dull, brittle and breaks easily

• White or yellow streaks appear at the edges of the nail

• Scaling occurs underneath the nail

• The nail can lift and crumble

• If not treated will destroy nail plate and affect other nails

• More common on toe nails but can affect finger nails - especially nails with extensions!

TINEA PEDIS aka ATHLETE’S FOOT

• Fungal infection which affects the feet

• Moist peeling skin between the toes – particularly the 4th and 5th toes

• Itchy and red and scaly skin

• Contagious

• Causes can include moist feet inside shoes, when feet are not dried properly, man-made materials rather than natural materials are worn on the feet.

TINEA CORPORIS aka RINGWORM

• Commonly called – body RINGWORM although it is NOT caused by a worm

• Affects the skin by forming red scaly patches which spread to form a circle with a clear centre

• Can be itchy

• Very contagious

• Spread through direct and indirect contact

• Tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea barbae (beard), tinea capitis (scalp) – all forms of different fungal infections which affect the skin on the body

UNDIAGNOSED LUMPS and SWELLINGS

• If a client has a swelling or a lump that they are unsure what it is then it is important that they get it checked as soon as possible.

• Do not work on the area affected until it has been diagnosed

• Explain to the client that you do not want to aggravate any conditions

URTICARIA aka HIVES

• Caused by contact with an allergen either internally or externally

• Not infectious

• Symptoms are erythema with raised, round skin weals.

• May feel intense burning or itching

Cancer Treatments

During radiotherapy

• This is a treatment that treats numerous conditions.

• It will stop a treatment taking place as the skin will be very sensitive and the client is very susceptible to infection

• Chemotherapy is a treatment that is used to destroy cancer cells

• Avoid doing a treatment when a client is having chemo because their immune system is under attack therefore clients will have strong side effects. Advise them to come back when treatment course has finished.

During Chemotherapy

What I know about contra-indications