Unit 6 Modals

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4,5

Modals

What are modals?

1. Koppelwerkwoorden: to be, to grow, to turn, to appear, to feel
2. Werkwoorden: to see, to listen, to know, to write, to go.
3. Hulpwerkwoorden: must can, could, may, ought to, might, shall, have to, should, will, would
4. Zelfstandige naamwoorden: table, computer, school

Nothing. This ... be nothing to a love like what
we got.

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

But sorry paps you'll just ... wait

bruno mars

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

... I stay or ... I go?

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

If you like it then you ... ... put a ring on it.

beyonce

1. must have
2. should have
3. mustn't have
4. shouldn't have

There ... ... an angel playing with your heart

eurythmics

1. could be
2. should be
3. has to be
4. must be

I ... ... ... you flowers and held your hand?
... ... given you all my hours when I
had the chance.

1. should have bought/ must have
2. could have bought /should have
3. should have bought/ should have
4. must buy / should have

... have known better than to cheat a friend

1. could
2. shouldn't
3. should
4. couldn't

How long... ... wait for it? yeah...

1. could you
2. must you
3. should you
4. do you have to

Nothing. This ... be nothing to a love like what
we got.

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

1. It's cold today. Do you think it ______ snow?

1. Should
2. Must
3. Can
4. Might

2. You _____ leave your door unlocked when you go out.

1. Shouldn't
2. Mustn't
3. Can't
4. Might not

3. Mum says we ____ watch TV after we've finished our homework.

1. Should
2. Must
3. Can
4. Might

4. This is impossible. It _____ be a mistake!

1. Should
2. Must
3. Can
4. Might

5. You should probably bring an umbrella. It _____ rain later today.

1. Should
2. Must
3. Can
4. Might

6. You ____ see that I am right.

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

7. ____ I open the door?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

8. ____ you mind giving me a lift?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

9. Let's go for a walk, ____ we?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

10. ____ we go somewhere else?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

Modals

 Modals are short for modal auxiliaries (Dutch: hulpwerkwoorden van modaliteit). Modals can express obligation (Dutch: verplichting), necessity (Dutch: noodzaak) or permission (Dutch: toestemming). 

Modals

Main verbs (walk, eat) can change depending on the past or present (walked, ate), but you can use modals to talk about being able to do something, permissions and requests. 

Can you walk to school?
You shouldn't walk to school.
I will walk to school. 

You are giving advice. Which modal do you use?
You really _______ ask your parents for help.

A different word for 'should', but with the same meaning

1. must
2. can
3. could
4. ought to

will / shall / would

Will = zal (iets dat in de toekomst gaat gebeuren)
Shall = zal (bij hulp aanbieden/iets voorstellen
Would = zou willen / zouden / verleden tijd van will
(beleefde vragen & als iets zou gebeuren)

"I will come to your party"  & "Shall I help you out?"
& "I would like to help."

Weak obligation 

Should /ought to 

- Present and future 

Should have + past participle / ought to have + past participle 

- Past 

- Often used for criticism or regret, because an action didn’t happen 

Examples:   I really should visit granny more often. 

  I ought to have told John the truth sooner. 

Stong obligation:

Must    -  present and future 

- The speaker is the one who imposes the obligation. In other words he is the one who tells somebody what they must do. 

- You can also use must for laws. 

Examples:  You must clean up the mess at once. 

  You must stop when the light turns red. 

Have to / Had to

Have to / have got to (informal use only) 

- Present and future 

- The speaker is not the one who imposes the obligation. In other words somebody else tells somebody what they must do. 

Example:  The teacher told me  that I have to write down these words  

  

 

Had to 

- Past and reported speech (Dutch: indirecte rede) 

Example:  My dad said that I had to come home early. 

I had to finish my meal before I was allowed to leave the table. 

Should = zou (eigenlijk) moeten, vooral bij advies/afraden
Must = moeten (als je zelf vindt dat iets moet)
Have to = moeten (als iemand anders vindt dat iets moet)

"I must finish this book this afternoon."
"You have to be on time tomorrow." 
"You should really pay more attention in class."

Have to vs Must

Use have to for external obligations

• My mother says I have to be home by 9pm. --> my mother requires it
• The plane has to land because of bad weather --> weather requires it

Use must when obligation comes from speaker & for written instructions

• I must be home by 9pm. --> I require it
• You must log in to read your email. --> written directions

need / don't need to / needn't

necessity

To say what is necessary: need to / don't need to + past participle

You need to sign the form before sending it in.

to say it wasn't necessary to do something, so you didn't: didn't need to

I didn't need to help him after all.

to say you did something but it wasn't necessary: needn't have + past participle

I needn't have bothered. 

(don't) have to - veplichting You don't have to come tonight if you don't want to

need to / needn't- (niet) nodig You needn't come tonight, she doesn't want to see you

Prohibition (Dutch: verbod)

 Mustn’t/ can’t  

- Present and future 

- You use this when something is forbidden 

Couldn’t 

- Past 

Examples: 

You can’t smoke in restaurants in Holland. 

I couldn’t go into that road because there were road works. 

11. If you want to work in the USA, you ______ speak proper English

1. Should
2. Must
3. Have to

12. You look like you're ill. You ____ go to school today.

1. Shouldn't
2. Mustn't
3. Don't have to

13. Tomorrow is Sunday, so I _____ go to school!

1. Shouldn't
2. Mustn't
3. Don't have to

14. I ___ remember to feed the dog.

1. Should
2. Must
3. Have to

15. If you follow my advice, it ____ be easy.

1. Should
2. Must
3. Has to

Entrance to the museum was free. We ..... pay to get in.

1. needn't
2. didn't need to
3. needn't have

16. I ____ like a cup of coffee, please.

1. Will
2. Would
3. Should

17. Do you think we ___ talk to Sarah about Peter?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Should

You ..... come with me if you feel tired.

1. couldn't
2. haven't
3. needn't
4. ought to

18. I ___ probably spend the holiday with my family.

1. Will
2. Would
3. Should

19. I _____ see Brad Pitt when I visit Hollywood.

1. Can
2. May
3. Might

20. I ___ run a lot faster than my brother.

1. Can
2. May
3. Might

Let's practise some more! 

Video on modal verbs of probability

Video on modal verbs of obligation 

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