4H Grammar: revision tenses + passive

4H Grammar: revision tenses
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EngelsMiddelbare schoolhavoLeerjaar 4

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4H Grammar: revision tenses

Slide 1 - Slide

1. pres simple or pres continuous?
A Present simple
a. spelling
affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding : ww
                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+s
negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww
                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww



1.  present simple or present continuous?
A Present simple
a. spelling
affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >1persoon/dier/ding : ww
                       ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+(e)s
negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww
                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww
questions: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :
                     Do + ow + ww + rest?
                     ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: 
                     Does + ow + ww + rest?

Slide 2 - Slide

b. use
1. present 
- gewoontes, routines, dingen die je regelmatig doet
- algemene feiten
- ww die gevoelens/gedachtes zijn
2. Future
- bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden,vertrektijden, etc. 
c. hints
usually, normally, often, always, never, every, on (Mondays)

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B present continuous
a. spelling
affirmativeam/are/is  + ww+ing
negative: am not / aren't / isn't + ww+ ing
questions: Am/are/is + ow + ww+ing+ rest?
b. use
Present: Actions going RIGHT NOW  
Future: = fixed plans, often with specific time reference.
c. hints
now, currently, at the moment, always
(bij ergernis)

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Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs
feeling:  hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.
senses:  appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, 
                taste.
communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, 
                                promise, satisfy, surprise.
thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, 
                  recognize, remember, understand.

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2. Past continuous or past simple?
A past continuous
a. spelling
Affirmative: was/were + ww+ing
Negative: wasn't/weren't + ww+ing
Question: Was/were + ow + ww+ing + rest?
b. use
- actie in het verleden die een tijdje bezig was 
- actie in het verleden (lange actie) die onderbroken werd door een andere actie (korte actie)
c. hints
while, when-zinnen > lange actie

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2. past simple
2. past simple
B. spelling
affirmative: ww+ed or irregular  / to be: was/were
negative: didn't + infinitive   / to be: wasn't / weren't
questions: Did + ow + infinitive + rest?  / to be: 
                     Was/were + ow + rest?
b. use
actions in the past, completely over and done
c. hints
yesterday, last, in (2005), ago

Slide 7 - Slide

Attention!
1. Pa cont – pa simple:when/while’- zinnen 
Combinatie past continuous – past simple: 1 long action, 1 short action:
  - long action: past continuous (= was/were + verb+ing)
  - short action: past simple
 Example: When the bus arrived, we were running towards it
2. 2x past continuous in een zin: ‘while’-zinnen: 2 long actions
 Example: I was taking a bath while he was reading a book.
3. Enkel past simple: opeenvolgende gebeurtenissen ('then')
Example: I went to the toilet and then I did my homework.

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To do:
ex A+B
Opgelet: fout in opgave A: choose between present simple and present continuous
Irregular verbs can be found on p. 281-285 in your book!

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A
  1. are you coming
  2. does he eat
  3. am working
  4. does he come
  5. is playing
  6. are you coming
  7. are not coming
  8. is not playing
  9. are you playing
  10. go
11. doesn't go
12. arrive
13.  eats
14. Do you study
15. do they work
16. are not going
17. am not working
18. Is she working
19.  don't drink
20. is sleeping

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B.
  1. were you doing, called
  2. was sitting, called
  3. arrived, was
  4. was watching, heard
  5. went, had, met
  6. were playing, hurt
  7. were they doing, was 
  8. was taking, rang 
  9. was, rang
  10. walked, was working

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Vervolg B

11. It was a day last September. The sun was shining, the birds were singing. I was
walking along the street when I met an old friend.
12. He was living in Russia when the Revolution started.
13. When her train got to the station, we were waiting on the platform.
14. He was so annoying! He was always leaving his things everywhere.
15. On holiday we visited Rome, saw the Vatican, and spent a few days at the beach.
16. Why were you standing on a chair when I came into the room?
17. They lived in Germany when they were young.
18. At 7pm yesterday, we were listening to music.
19. When I left the house, it was snowing.
20. He was working in a bank when he met his wife

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3. present perfect simple (voltooid deelwoord)
a. spelling
affirmative:  has/have + past participle (=ww+ed/irregular (3de kolom)
negative: hasn't/haven't + past participle
question:  have/has + ow + past participle + rest?
b. use
= actie in het verleden MAAR nog nu nog steeds bezig/ belangrijk/zichtbaar
c. hints
yet, already, just, since, for, always (tot nu toe), (n)ever, how long, before, so far

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4. Present perfect continuous
a. spelling
affirmative: ow + has/have been + ww+ing
negative: ow + hasn't/haven't been + ww+ing
question: have/has + ow + been + ww+ing

b. use
actie in het verleden, nu nog steeds bezig, blijft nog doorgaan, nadruk ligt op de lengte van de actie

c. hints
all day, how long, for, since, lately, recently

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Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs
feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.
senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound,
                taste.
communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean,
                                promise, satisfy, surprise.
thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize,
                  recognize, remember, understand.

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To do:
ex C + D tem F

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C.
1. has been
2. packed
3. have not played
4. have helped (result > visible)
5. closed - did that happen
6. Have you started your ...
7. have you had - bought
8. Did you see - bought
9. have arrived - brought
10. started
11. has just landed
12. haven't had
13. caught - have been
14. wandered
15. didn't go - have increased
16. have walked
17. have just come
18. lived - died - moved - has lived
19. has never lost - lost 
20. fell - has broken - hasn't been

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D
  1. have been practising (emphasis on length)
  2. has run
  3. have been
  4. has been barking (emphasis on length)
  5. have missed

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E.
1. haven't eaten
2.has not been speaking
3. haven't been working
4. haven't known
5. hasn't hung

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F. 
1. has she been waiting (asking about lenght of action)
2. have I told you (asking about quantity)
3. have you cleaned (asking about quantity)
4. have you been taking (asking about length of action)
5. Have you ever stayed

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5. Past perfect simple
a. spelling
affirmative: ow + had + past participle (regelm. ww+ed)
negative: ow + hadn't + past participle
question: had + ow + past participle

b. use
actie die gebeurd is VOOR een andere specifieke actie in het verleden, vaak een oorzaak-gevolgsituatie
Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.
c. hints
the previous (week), before, after

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To do:
G

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G
1. didn't feel - had eaten
2. had rested - felt
3. had known - went
4. happened - had heard
5. had stolen
6. didn't go - had invited
7. had just won
8. had won - suffered
9. had gone
10. managed - had studied

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G
11.  arrived - had gone 
12. left -had offered
13. had walked - saw 
14. had just left - arrived
15. had finished - came 
16. had just had 
17. had been fishing - caught 
18. had not seen

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6. The future
A present tenses used for the future
a. Present simple (ww of ww+s)
bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden, vertrektijden, etc.
Example: The train leaves tonight at 7pm.

b. Present continuous (am/are/is + verb+ing)
Afspraken die vaststaan in plaats en tijd
Example: We are going on a date tonight.


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b. Will/ won’t + verb
1. spelling
affirmative: will + ww
negative: will not/won't + ww
question: will/shall + ow + ww + rest?

Opgelet: Bij een vraag gebruik je in deze tijd shall i.p.v. will als het ow "I" of "we" is.
Example: You look parched. Shall I fetch you something to drink?

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B simple future and going to-future
a. Am/is/are going to + verb
1. spelling
affirmative: am/are/is going to + ww
negative: am not/aren't/ isn't going to + ww
question: Am/are/is + ow + going to + ww + rest?

2. use
- Iets wat je van plan bent in de toekomst, maar geen concrete afspraak
(staat niet vast wanneer)
Example: I’m going to ask her out.
- Toekomstvoorspelling die gebaseerd is op
signalen die je krijgt. (Komt waarschijnlijk dus wel uit.)
Example: Look at the clouds! It is going to rain, we better take our umbrella with us.

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2. use
- Iets wat je ter plekke aanbiedt (niet gepland) / bestellingen op restaurant
Example: I'll help you out, no problem! / I'll have the steak please.
- Belofte
Example: I’ll clean up my room.
- Besluit over de toekomst, soort van conclusie over wat er in de toekomst nu (niet) gaat gebeuren
Example: They will not come back after that terrible experience.
- Toekomstvoorspellingen die onzeker zijn.
 example: You will become very rich in the (probably, maybe…) future!
- Iets wat je denkt (‘I think / I believe…) dat gaat gebeuren in de toekomst.
Example: I think you will become very old.

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To Do:
ex H

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p.10 
  1. will probably go 
  2. leaves 
  3.  are you wearing/are you going to wear
  4. will find
  5. am going
  6. begins
  7. will meet
  8. is going to rain
  9. is going to be 
  10. am going to slip

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To Do:
ex I

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I)
  1. was making, called, had totally forgotten, burned 
  2. wear, wear 
  3. moved, moved
  4. fixed 
  5. had run, stopped
  6. stopped, had smoked 
  7. is cleaning, has cleaned 
  8. has been checking
  9. have gotten
  10. don't think, have had 
  11. were talking, weren't paying, was standing 
  12. phones
  13. was, had worked
  14. booked, hasn't made 
  15. was watching
  16. get, is, don't have 
  1. was making, called, had totally forgotten, burned/burnt 
  2. wear, wear
  3. moved, moved
  4. have fixed
  5. had run, stopped
  6. stopped, had smoked
  7. is cleaning, has cleaned
  8. has been checking
  9. have gotten/got 
  10. don't think, have had
  11. were talking, weren't paying, was standing
  12. phones
  13. was, had worked
  14. booked, hasn't made
  15. was watching
  16. get, is, don't have 

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Mixed tenses, online exercise:

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The passive

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Use the hints to find out which tense you have to use!

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