§3.2 Metals and salts

§3.2 Metals and salts
Chapter 3: The structure of substances
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§3.2 Metals and salts
Chapter 3: The structure of substances

Slide 1 - Tekstslide

In which group in the PT can you find the element nickel?

Slide 2 - Open vraag

Fluorine is in group 17 in the PT.
What is the name of this group?
A
noble gases
B
halogens
C
alkali earth metals
D
metalloids

Slide 3 - Quizvraag


Which of these atoms have the same atomic number?

A
All three
B
1 and 2 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
2 and 3 only

Slide 4 - Quizvraag

Why do we call atoms 'neutral´ ?
A
because they contain the same number of electrons and neutrons
B
because they contain the same number of protons and electrons
C
because they contain the same numbers of protons and neutrons
D
because they don't contain charged particles

Slide 5 - Quizvraag

The nucleus of an atom contains 9 protons and 10 neutrons.
Which statement is correct?
A
The atomic mass is 9 g.
B
The atomic mass is 9 u.
C
The atomic mass is 19 g.
D
The atomic mass is 19 u.

Slide 6 - Quizvraag

Learning Objectives
1. You can classify substances as metals, salts and molecular based on their atomic composition.
2. You can describe metals at the macro and micro levels.
3. You can describe salts at the macro and micro level.  

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

Statement:
All substances are made of molecules
A
True
B
False
C
...what are molecules again?

Slide 8 - Quizvraag

Properties of metals (macro-level):
All metals...
  • are shiny when polished
  • can be reshaped  (at high temperatures)
  • conduct heat and electricity
  • are solid at room temperature (except mercury (Hg)
  • they have high melting and boiling points

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Metals (at the micro-level)
  • Metals are elements (so not compounds, not molecules)
  • They consist of positively charged metal atoms (called ions) with free electrons moving between between them. 
  • Strong attraction (metallic bonding)
  • Electricity and heat conductivity of the metal 
lattice follows from these free flowing electrons. 

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Slide 11 - Video

§3.2 Metals and salts
Chapter 3: The structure of substances

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

All materials are made
of atoms:

Slide 13 - Tekstslide

3.1: Atomic Structure (ALL elements look like this on
The atomic number = p+

The mass number =
p+ + n0

In a neutral atom: 
p+ = e-
Atomic structure:

Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Metals (at the micro-level)
  • Metals are elements (so not compounds, not molecules)
  • They consist of positively charged metal atoms (called ions) with free electrons moving between between them. 
  • Strong attraction (metallic bonding)
  • Electricity and heat conductivity of the metal 
lattice follows from these free flowing electrons. 

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Ions vs. atoms:

Metals like to lose one or more electrons

Non metals like to take in one or more electrons

Example: 
Li --> Li+ + 1e-
F + 1e- --> F-

Text

Slide 16 - Tekstslide

Practice:
1. Draw a sodium atom (with its protons, neutrons and electrons) and draw a sodium ion (Na+)
2. How many protons and electrons does a magnesium ion Mg2+ contain? 
3. How many protons, neutrons and electrons are present in a 35Cl- ion?


Answer Q 2
Magnesium has atomic number 12, so the number of protons is 12.
The charge is 2+ so it has (12-2) 10 elektronen (it has given away 2 electrons)
Answer Q 3
Cl has atomic number 17
Protons = 17
Mass number = 35
Neutrons = 18
Charge is -1 so there must be (17 + 1) 18 electrons

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Salts
Solids salts are composed of metal and non-metal
ions. 
An ion is an atom with a charge. 
Ions form when an atom is losing or gaining electrons 
(and the number of p+ is not equal to the number of e-)

Examples: 
Kitchen salt consists of Na+ and Cl- ions
Lime stone consists of  Ca2+ CO32-(carbonate) ions

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

d
d

Metals
  • Solid at room temperature (except Hg)
  • Positively charged atoms (ions) surrounded by moving electrons
  • Metallic bonding
  • Metallic lattice
  • Conduct electricity in their solid AND liquid state.



Salts
  • Salts are solids at room temperature
  • Consist of positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions
  • Ionic bonding
  • Ionic lattice
  • Conduct electricity in the liquid state (and in solution)
Comparison between metals and salts

Slide 19 - Tekstslide

d
d



Page 124, question 2, 3, 6 and 7

Practice

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

Alloys

Slide 21 - Tekstslide