4V grammar tenses recap

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4V grammar tenses recap

Past tenses

Past Simple	Regular: base of the verb + ed Irregular verbs (e.g. write-wrote, dig-dug etc) Questions and negations: did(+not) + infinitive
Past Continuous	Form: was/were + base+ing Function: action in progress in the past
Past Perfect	Form: had + past participle Function: an action that happened before another action in the past.
Past Perfect Continuous	Form: had + been + present perticiple Function: stress on duration of action in the past that happened before another action in the past

Present perfect and present perfect continuous

Present perfect and present perfect continuous

Present perfect	Have + past participle
Present perfect continous	Have + been + present participle

To do:

p. 1+2 - A,B and C

p. 3+4 - A and B

A)

• 1. George fell off the ladder while he was painting the ceiling. (fall, paint)
  
• 2. Last night I was reading  in bed when I suddenly heard  a scream. (read, hear)
  
• 3. Were you watching TV when I phoned you? (you watch, phone)
  
• 4. Ann was waiting for me when I arrived. (wait, arrive)
  
• 5. Maisie was cleaning up the kitchen when John asked her to marry him. (clean, ask)
  
• 6. The house cost  £ 150,000 in 2003. (cost)
  
• 7. The fire was still burning at six in the morning. (still burn)
  
• 8. My brother got a new job a week ago (get).
  
• 9. Columbus discovered America over 500 years ago (discover)
  
• 10. She was  not interested in the book because she didn't understand it (be ,not understand)
  
• 11. Were you at school yesterday? (you be)
  
• 12. We lived in a house near the sea last summer (live)
  
• 13. She could play the piano very well when she was young (can play, be)
  
• 14. She left the office very early last night (leave).
  
• 15. I met a friend while I was doing the shopping (meet, do)
  

B)

1.- My aunt flew to Paris last year. She had never gone (never / go) on a plane before that.

2.- We didn’t need to queue because my wife had already bought (already / buy) the tickets.

3.- The thieves had already spent the money when the police caught  (catch) them.

4.- Helen had split up (split up) with John before she met Paul.

5.- We knew (know) her address because she had told (tell) us.

6.- The children had not eaten (not eat) for days so they were (be) extremely hungry.

7.- Everyone was hugging.hugged (hug) each other after they had finished (finish) their exams.

8.- She didn’t want to go to the cinema because she had already seen (already / see) the film.

9.- I had just bought (just / buy) a dress when a thiefstole (steal) my bag.

10.- My niece had gone (go) to London three times by the time she was (be) sixteen.

11.- My students raised (raise) some money after they had seen (see) a documentary on TV about Africa.

12.- It was half past three and we still had not eaten(not / eat) lunch.

13.- Our teacher gave (give) us extra homework because we had not finished (not finish) our essays.

14.- My father had lost (lose) his glasses and he couldn’t read the newspaper.

15.- The car stopped because we had run  (run) out of petrol.

C)

• 1. It was a relief to find the documents. I (look) had been looking for them all afternoon.
  
• 2. He was dismissed, even though, in his opinion, he (not/do) had not done  anything wrong.
  
• 3. It was not the first time I'd met him. We (meet) had met  many times before.
  
• 4. He called me at eleven in the evening to tell me that he (find/finally) had finally found a solution.
  
• 5. When he (finish)had finished  his speech, he waited for the reaction of the audience. But no one said a word.
  
• 6. By the time I came back from my business trip, a lot of things (changed) had changed.
  
• 7. The doctor asked me how long I (have) had had the symptoms.
  
• 8. It was more than a month before we realised what (happen) had happened to him.
  
• 9. We (work/already) _had already been working on this project for a month before we found a fundamental flaw.
  
• 10. The invoice (not/arrive/still) had still not arrived  by the end of the week so we sent them a strong reminder.
  

A) (p.3/4)

• 1. I've seen three police cars this morning.
  
• 2. After he arrived home, he unpacked and went to bed early.
  
• 3. A: What's wrong?
  
• B: I've broken a glass!
  
• 4. My grandparents only knew each other for a few months before they got married.
  
• 5. I've been in London for three years. I love it here.
  
• 6. We saw Julie last night.
  
• 7. He was a teacher before he became a musician.
  
• 8. When the boss walked into the room, we knew someone was going to get fired.
  
• 9. The children broke a window in the school last week.
  
• 10. He saw that film last year

A)(p.3/4)

• 11. Lucy has broken her leg, so she can't come skiing.
  
• 12. Julie has arrived! Come and say hello!
  
• 13. They were cold when they arrived home.
  
• 14. Jack broke his arm when he fell off a horse in 2005.
  
• 15. I've known about the problem for months, but I haven't found a solution yet.
  
• 16. A: When did you arrive? B: At 10pm last night.
• 17. She's been a teacher for ten years, and she still enjoys it.
  
• 18. How long have you known Jill? I know you see her often.
  
• 19. I have never seen the sea before.
  
• 20. A: Hello  B: Hi Mum, it's me. I just wanted to say I've arrived safely and everything is fine.

B) (p.3/4)

• 1. Have they arrived already?
  
• 2. Lucy has run 2000 metres today.
  
• 3. I've been cleaning all morning – I'm fed up!
  
• 4. How long have you known Simon?
  
• 5. I've been drinking more water lately and I feel better.
  
• 6. Sorry about the mess! I've been baking.
  
• 7. How many times have you taken this exam?
  
• 8. He has eaten six bars of chocolate today!
  
• 9. Julie has cooked dinner. Let's go and eat!
  
• 10. The students have finished their exams. They're very happy.
  
• 11. The baby's face is really dirty! What has he been eating?
  
• 12. Iona is exhausted these days. She has been working too hard recently.
  
• 13. Luke has never been abroad.
  
• 14. I've been waiting for three hours already!
  
• 15. Have you finished your homework yet?

Homework

Study notes on past tenses!

Study vocabulary u5+6.

Quizlet live

LINK TO QUIZLET VOCABULARY U5+6

Future Tenses

1. Future simple

Form: Will + infinitive 

Function: Used to describe predictions, general future, assumptions, promises. 

Examples: Don't worry, I will clean my room next Saturday. 

Negations: Won't + infinitive - e.g. He won't be famous in ten years. 

Questions using I or we: Shall we go to the cinema?

2. Going to future

Form: am/is/are + going to + infinitive 

Function: • planned action in the future

• logical consequence (sth. is going to happen)

Look at those clouds! It's going to rain. 

3. Present simple

Form:  infinitive

              He/she/it infinitive+s

Function: schedules, fixed time tables. 

e.g. The train leaves at 2.30 P.M. 

4. Present continuous

Form: am/is/are + infinitive+ing 

Function: planned action in the near future

Example: I am visiting my grandmother tonight. 

5. Future Continuous

Form: will + be + infinitive + -ing

Function: action will definitely happen (it usually happens)

Example: I will be swimming Friday evening. 

6. Future perfect

Form: will + have + past participle

Function: sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future

Example: In June 2025 you will have finished your exams. 

Over to you...

Finish a-e (p.5-8)

a. (p. 5)

1. Let’s go swimming after school. - Sorry, I’m playing basketball with Sally and Miko.

2. Do you think it will snow tomorrow?

3. If he doesn’t drive more carefully, he’ll have an accident.

4. What is the answer to question 3? - Ask Miko. She’ll know.

5. I think I’m buying a new computer. This one is too slow.

6. I am not working tomorrow. We can go shopping if you like.

7. I’m having my hair cut tomorrow so I won’t be able to go home with you.

8. Have you got any plans for the vacation? - Yes, we’re flying back to Japan to visit my grandmother.

a. (p. 5)

9. I’m helping Miko after school today. She’s having problems in mathematics at the moment.

10. I am selling my old car. My neighbour wants it for her daughter.

11. My sister is getting married next month. We have invited hundreds of guests.

12. How are you getting home today? - I think I’ll walk for a change.

13. Miko is giving a party next week. - Has she invited you?

14. Are you doing anything after school today?

15.The phone is ringing. - I’ll answer it.

16. I’m driving John to the airport tomorrow. His own car is being repaired.

b. 

1. The train leaves at 11:45.
   
2. We are going to have dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday, but we have't booked a table yet.
   
3. My ski instructor believes it will snow in the mountains tomorrow evening.
   
4. On Sunday at 8 o'clock I am meeting my friend.
   
5. They are flying to London on Friday evening at 8:15.
   
6. Wait! I will drive you to the station.
   
7. The English lesson starts at 8:45.
   
8. I am going to see my sister in April.
   
9. Look at the clouds - it is going to rain in a few minutes.
   
10. Listen! There's someone at the door. I will open the door for you.

c.

1. Will be watching 

2. am going/ am going to go 

3. are doing, are talking, will be lying 

4. will be hiding, is going to arrive, will jump, will scream 

5. are coming, are working, will leave 

6. are studying, is going to be

7. will get, will be dancing, will be making, will be complaining

8. get, will be waiting 

9. wake, will be shining 

10. need, will be staying 

d

1. Will you have retired

2. Will be studying

3. Will be starting 

4. will have gone

5. will not (won't) be working

6. will not (won't) have finished

7. will have fixed

8. will be having

e

1. will have driven

2. will have been studying 

3. will have visited 

4. will have mastered

5. will have had 

6. will have been studying  - will have been

7. will have been waiting

8. will have changed 

9. will have completed 

10. will have been

Stative vs dynamic verbs

Dynamic verbs (sometimes referred to as "action verbs") usually describe actions we can take, or things that happen; stative verbs usually refer to a state or condition which is not changing or likely to change.

Continuous and stative verbs

Unlike dynamic verbs, stative verbs cannot be used in continuous forms (to be + ING form of verb). For example, the following sentence would be grammatically incorrect:

Incorrect: Roxanne is appearing frustrated.

Correct: Roxanne appears frustrated.

More examples of stative verbs

Opinions and beliefs: believe, know, think, support, disagree

Emotions: like, love, hate, need, want, wish, desire, fear

The senses: look, see, appear, taste, sound, hear, feel, seem, smell

Possession: have, own, possess, belong, control

Condition: weigh, lack, involve, resemble, include

Over to you

Complete p. 8

Static verbs a. 

1. My husband always tastes (always/taste) the food while I'm cooking! It's very annoying.

2. She has (have) a bath every evening.

3. Luke is seeing (see) the doctor now.

4. He is having (have) a party next weekend.

5. This coffee doesn't taste  (not/taste) right.

6. We is seeing(see) John and Susie next month.

7. Whatdo you think(you/think) about the war?

8. She has (have) a headache.

9. It is (be) cold today.

10. They do not have (not/have) a car.

11. Ido not see (not/see) anything, I can't work the telescope?

12. The waiter is tasting (taste) the wine now.

13. She  is not (not/be) a doctor.

14. Do you want (you/want) a sandwich?

15) I am having (have) fun today.

Mixed tenses

Complete p. 9/10

a. p.9

1. Jeff is our bank manager at the moment. He has been here for three years. (BE, BE)

2. I was still sleeping when the alarm went off at 5.30 this morning. (STILL SLEEP, GO)

3. If everyone donates $5, we will have enough to buy a new machine. (HAVE)

4. There was a great documentary on TV yesterday evening. Did you see it? – No, I didn't. I

had to take my television set back to the store to have it repaired. (BE, YOU SEE, HAVE)

5. When I returned to the car park I didn't know where I had parked my car. (RETURN,

PARK)

6. My uncle has been wearing the same pullover the whole winter. I guess he loves it.

(WEAR, LOVE)

7. Mum was preparing dinner when the doctor arrived. (PREPARE, ARRIVE)

8. He has been walking around with a limp since he had his accident a few weeks ago.

(WALK, HAVE)

a. p.9/10

9. You look pretty worried. – What happened/ has happened? (HAPPEN)

10.When we arrived at the theatre the play had already started. (ARRIVE, ALREADY START)

11.When she came home, she saw that her husband had been drinking for some time. 

12.Have you heard the good news? – Stan and Margie are getting married! – That's not

new. – I have known about it for a few weeks. (YOU HEAR, GET, KNOW)

13.I have been trying to call you the whole week! – Where have you been? (TRY, YOU BE)

14.The manager is speaking to an important customer at the moment, but he will see you in a few minutes. (SPEAK, SEE)

a. p.9/10

15.Do you realize that you are standing on my toes? – It hurts! (STAND)

16.I think I will take a break. I surely deserve one. (TAKE)

17.I wonder if he has forgotten/forgot my number. I have been expecting for him to call for the last two hours. (FORGET, EXPECT)

18.The novel is about a man who came home from the war and started a new life .

(COME, START)

19.When I was looking for my passport a few days ago, I came across this old photo of

our family reunion. (LOOK, COME)

20.I am sorry that I had to leave your party so early last night. I was really enjoying

myself. (HAVE, REALLY ENJOY)

Mixed tenses

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Mixed tenses

Complete the grid with examples from the articles on the next pages (article 1, 2 and 3).

Add your own examples if you cannot find an example. Make sure your examples match the theme of the articles.