2.7: From Republic to Empire -TEACH-

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Slide 1: Tekstslide
HistoryMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 1

In deze les zitten 50 slides, met interactieve quizzen, tekstslides en 11 videos.

time-iconLesduur is: 45 min

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Slide 1 - Tekstslide

Can you explain the joke?
One answer per group

Slide 2 - Woordweb

Start Task (1 answer per group)
Ron and Hermione are working on a school paper.
Ron's subject is "Roman gladiators" while Hermione is doing a paper about
19th century painting style.
Both want to use this painting of gladiators made by a French artist in 1872.
But they don't agree on whether the painting is a primary or a secondary source.
What do you think?

Slide 3 - Open vraag

The Time of Greeks and Romans
2.7: From Republic to Empire

Slide 4 - Tekstslide

people in this lesson
Julius Caesar

consul / dictator
Rome
Cleopatra

queen
Egypt
Octavian Caesar
a.k.a "Augustus"
1st emperor
Rome
Vercingetorix

chieftain
Gaul
Mark Anthony

Caesar's friend
Rome

Slide 5 - Tekstslide

Octavian Caesar, nephew of 
Julius Caesar
Octavian would become Rome's first EMPEROR
under the name 
AUGUSTUS

Slide 6 - Tekstslide

remember: it's Caesar, not Ceasar
Octavian's uncle:
JULIUS CAESAR
(100 - 44 BC)

  • never an emperor
  • never a monarch

  • During his life (and death) Rome was a REPUBLIC

Slide 7 - Tekstslide

2.7: from Republic to Empire.

  • What about? How the republic ended and Rome became a monarchy again.
  • When? 1st century BC
  • Who? Julius Caesar

Timeline:

  • 100 BC: Caesar born in a patrician Roman family.
  • 59 BC: elected consul (for 1 year)
  • 58 BC: military commander of northern Italy (Roman part of Gaul)
  • 58 - 51 BC: Gallic Wars: conquest of Gaul (France) 

Slide 8 - Tekstslide

Caesar as CONSUL: the highest office in the Republic

Slide 9 - Tekstslide

Caesar as a military commander.
Seeking glory, power and wealth

Slide 10 - Tekstslide

Gaul
Rome
Germania

Slide 11 - Tekstslide

GAUL 
(= Gallië, = France)

Caesar set out to conquer Gaul.

The Gauls lived in tribes

They united under 
the leadership of Vercingetorix

Slide 12 - Tekstslide

what is the most common error
people make about Julius Caesar?

Slide 13 - Woordweb

Caesar in Gaul

When Caesar arrived in (the Roman part of) Gaul, he was given control of four legions, about 20,000 professional soldiers. 
Caesar decided to expand the Roman empire and started the Gallic Wars that would last from 58 BC until 51 BC. Gaul was populated by dozens of tribes, the largest of which numbered about 200,000 people. Within four years he managed to capture almost all of Gaul and moved the border from the Roman Empire to the Rhine. So he even conquered part of the Netherlands!


Slide 14 - Tekstslide

Slide 15 - Tekstslide

Slide 16 - Tekstslide

Slide 17 - Tekstslide

Some people in Rome were afraid of Caesar's power.
In 49 BC Caesar and his army set out for Rome, where he intended to be elected consul again.
The senate ordered Caesar to come without his army. Caesar refused. He crossed the Rubicon river (the border between Gaul and Italy) and entered Italy with his army.
The senate declared that Caesar was now an enemy of Rome. This marked the start of a civil war.
With his army Caesar defeated all his enemies (mostly senators) and chased them across the empire, even in Egypt. Here he fell in love with Cleopatra, sister of the pharaoh.
Back in Rome he was now the only ruler. He allowed the Senate to remain, but he did not want to share his power with the senators.
 
Caesar, Vercingetorix and the battle of Alesia have been pictured in several Asterix albums.

Slide 18 - Tekstslide

2.7: from Republic to Empire.

  • What about? How the republic ended and Rome became a monarchy again.
  • When? 1st century BC
  • Who? Julius Caesar
  • Structure of this lesson:
  •      a. Caesar's War in Gaul
  •      b. Civil War (Caesar against the senate)
  •      c. Caesar becomes dictator, but he is murdered.
  •      d. More Civil Wars 
  •      e .Rome becomes a monarchy again.



Slide 19 - Tekstslide

2.7: from Republic to Empire.

What about? How the republic ended and Rome became a monarchy again.
When? 1st century BC
Who? Julius Caesar

Timeline:

100 BC: Caesar born in a patrician Roman family.
59 BC: elected consul (for 1 year)
58 BC: military commander of northern Italy (Roman part of Gaul)
58 - 51 BC: Gallic Wars: conquest of Gaul (France) 
  • 51 BC: Vercingetorix surrenders to Caesar
  • 50 BC: the senate orders Caesar to return to Rome without his army.

Slide 20 - Tekstslide

NEXT TIME:

Slide 21 - Tekstslide

Slide 22 - Video

2.7: from Republic to Empire.
Timeline:

The Civil Wars (49 - 45 BC)

  • 49 BC: Caesar crosses the Rubicon. Start of the Civil War between Caesar and consul Pompey.

Slide 23 - Tekstslide

Slide 24 - Tekstslide

Slide 25 - Video

Slide 26 - Video

NEXT TIME:

Slide 27 - Tekstslide

First Civil War (49-46 BC)
Julius Caesar
the senate (& consul Pompey)

Slide 28 - Tekstslide

Slide 29 - Video

Slide 30 - Video

2.7: from Republic to Empire.
Timeline:

The Civil Wars

49 BC: Caesar crosses the Rubicon. Start of the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey.
  • 48 BC: Caesar defeats Pompey. Pompey flees to Egypt (and is killed by pharaoh Ptolemy XIII)
  • 48 BC: Caesar arrives in Egypt. Puts Cleopatra (sister of Ptolemy XIII) on the throne.

Slide 31 - Tekstslide

Slide 32 - Video

Slide 33 - Video

Make a note in your notebook 

What was a "dictator" during the Roman republic?

A dictator:
  • was an official function
  • was appointed by the senate to deal with a military emergency.
  • had absolute power to deal with the emergency quickly.

  • How to prevent a dictator from threatening Rome (or the republic) itself?
  • He had to resign once his task was done, or after six months.







Slide 34 - Tekstslide

2.7: from Republic to Empire.
Timeline:


  • 47 BC: birth of Cleopatra's son: Caesarion. (Caesar is said to be the father)
  • 46 BC: Caesar returns to Rome as victor of the civil war. 
  • 44 BC: he declares himself "dictator for life".
  • 44 BC: Caesar is murdered (by a group of senators)

Slide 35 - Tekstslide

Slide 36 - Tekstslide

Some people in Rome were afraid of Caesar's power.
In 49 BC Caesar and his army set out for Rome, where he intended to be elected consul again.
The senate ordered Caesar to come without his army. Caesar refused. He crossed the Rubicon river (the border between Gaul and Italy) and entered Italy with his army.
The senate declared that Caesar was now an enemy of Rome. This marked the start of a civil war.
With his army Caesar defeated all his enemies (mostly senators) and chased them across the empire, even in Egypt. Here he fell in love with Cleopatra, sister of the pharaoh.
Back in Rome he was now the only ruler. He allowed the Senate to remain, but he did not want to share his power with the senators.
 
The senators encircle Julius Caesar in a painting by 19th-century artist Carl Theodor von Piloty.

Slide 37 - Tekstslide

Slide 38 - Video

Slide 39 - Video

Some people in Rome were afraid of Caesar's power.
In 49 BC Caesar and his army set out for Rome, where he intended to be elected consul again.
The senate ordered Caesar to come without his army. Caesar refused. He crossed the Rubicon river (the border between Gaul and Italy) and entered Italy with his army.
The senate declared that Caesar was now an enemy of Rome. This marked the start of a civil war.
With his army Caesar defeated all his enemies (mostly senators) and chased them across the empire, even in Egypt. Here he fell in love with Cleopatra, sister of the pharaoh.
Back in Rome he was now the only ruler. He allowed the Senate to remain, but he did not want to share his power with the senators.
 
The senators encircle Julius Caesar in a painting by 19th-century artist Carl Theodor von Piloty.

Slide 40 - Tekstslide

Slide 41 - Video

Second Civil War (32-30 BC)
Octavian Caesar
Mark Anthony & Cleopatra

Slide 42 - Tekstslide

Battle of Actium, 31 BC

Slide 43 - Tekstslide

Cleopatra's suicide,

followed by Mark Anthony's suicide

Slide 44 - Tekstslide

Some people in Rome were afraid of Caesar's power.
In 49 BC Caesar and his army set out for Rome, where he intended to be elected consul again.
The senate ordered Caesar to come without his army. Caesar refused. He crossed the Rubicon river (the border between Gaul and Italy) and entered Italy with his army.
The senate declared that Caesar was now an enemy of Rome. This marked the start of a civil war.
With his army Caesar defeated all his enemies (mostly senators) and chased them across the empire, even in Egypt. Here he fell in love with Cleopatra, sister of the pharaoh.
Back in Rome he was now the only ruler. He allowed the Senate to remain, but he did not want to share his power with the senators.
 
the sole victor:

Octavian Caesar!

Under the name 
CAESAR AUGUSTUS, he will become the FIRST emperor of Rome.
The Republic is gone.
Rome is a monarchy again.



Slide 45 - Tekstslide

Some people in Rome were afraid of Caesar's power.
In 49 BC Caesar and his army set out for Rome, where he intended to be elected consul again.
The senate ordered Caesar to come without his army. Caesar refused. He crossed the Rubicon river (the border between Gaul and Italy) and entered Italy with his army.
The senate declared that Caesar was now an enemy of Rome. This marked the start of a civil war.
With his army Caesar defeated all his enemies (mostly senators) and chased them across the empire, even in Egypt. Here he fell in love with Cleopatra, sister of the pharaoh.
Back in Rome he was now the only ruler. He allowed the Senate to remain, but he did not want to share his power with the senators.
 
Every successor put the name "Caesar" before his own name.

Caesar's name turned into a title: KEIZER (EMPEROR)

Slide 46 - Tekstslide

Monarchy
Republic
hereditary
dictator
dynasty
2 consuls
king / emperor
senate
elections

Slide 47 - Sleepvraag

Interesting facts about Julius Caesar and Augustus

  • Caesar was once kidnapped by pirates while still a young man. He joked with them that he would have them executed once he was free. They laughed, but Caesar had the last laugh when he later captured them and had them crucified.
  • The month of July is named after Julius Caesar. Prior to this the month was called Quintilis, which means "the fifth month".
  • The month of August is named after Augustus. Prior to this the month was called Sextilis, which means "the sixth month".
  • Augustus rebuilt much of the city of Rome. He said on his deathbed that "I found a Rome of bricks; I leave to you one of marble".



Painting depicting the pirates, after being crucified. 

Slide 48 - Tekstslide

congratulations

Slide 49 - Tekstslide

Slide 50 - Video