Inside a Computer System: Components & Networks

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Inside a Computer System: Components & Networks

What do you already know about the main parts of a computer system?

Learning Objective

At the end of the lesson you will be able to identify and explain the key components of a computer system, their functions, and how they interact within local networks and the internet.

What is a Computer System?

A computer system combines hardware and software to input, process, store, and output data. It also connects to networks for communication.

Main Components of a Computer

Programs and operating systems running on the hardware.

Software

Hardware

Physical parts like CPU, memory, input devices, and output devices.

The CPU: The 'Brain' of the Computer

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) controls and processes all data and instructions in a computer system.

Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

Performs calculations and logical operations inside the CPU.

Control Unit (CU)

Manages and coordinates the activities of the computer's other components.

Memory Unit: Store & Recall Data

The memory unit temporarily (RAM) or permanently (storage) holds data and instructions for processing.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM stores data and programs currently being used by the CPU.

Input Devices

Tools like keyboards and mice let users enter information into the computer.

Output Devices

Devices such as monitors and printers display or share information with the user.

Software Explained

Programs users run to perform specific tasks, such as word processing or web browsing.

System Software

Application Software

Operating systems help control and manage hardware and run application software.

What is an Operating System?

Local Networks: Making Connections

Local Area Networks (LANs) connect computers and devices within a limited area like a school or office.

Switch: Central Network Hub

A switch connects multiple devices on a network and directs data to where it needs to go.

Router: Linking to the World

Routers connect local networks to other networks and the internet, directing traffic efficiently.

Servers in Action

Stores and manages data used by websites and applications.

Database Server

Delivers web pages to users over the internet.

Web Server

How DNS Helps Us Find Websites

User, Hardware & I/O: Working Together

Input/output devices link users with the hardware and software, allowing interaction with data and programs.

Summary: How it All Connects

A computer system is an integrated set of hardware and software, connecting through networks to help users process, store and share information efficiently.

Reflection Question

Can you explain how a simple email is sent from your computer to another using the components we've learnt about?

Write down 3 things you learned in this lesson.

Write down 2 things you want to know more about.

Ask 1 question about something you haven't quite understood yet.