Stepping Stones VWO 3 Theme 2 grammar

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Stepping Stones theme 2

To the limit

Positieve bevestigende zin: ik, jij, zij ook.

I am afraid of spiders. So is Bob.    (NOT: So Bob is)

John can play the piano. So can I.

Sheila is ill. So is Lisa./So is Lisa

Jim has a dog. So do I.

Lily hates having homework. So does Catherine.

My brother is bored. So am I.

Negatieve bevestigende zin: ik jij, zij ook niet.

I am not afraid of spiders. Neither is Bob./ Nor is Bob.

John can't play the piano. Neither can I.
/ Nor can I.

Sheila isn't ill. Neither is Lisa./Nor is Lisa

Jim hasn't got a dog. Neither have I. Nor have I.

Lily doesn't hate having homework. Neither/Nor does Catherine.

My brother isn't bored. Neither am I. Nor am I.

Nog de één, noch de ander.

Noch Tom, noch Charles hebben een hond. (=allebei niet)

Neither Tom, nor Charles have a dog.

Noch jij, noch ik kunnen hier iets aan veranderen (=allebei niet)

Neither you, nor I can change anything about this.

Prepositions of direction

of versus off

 ‘Of‘ is a preposition which is used in sentences to show belongingness or possessiveness.

of versus off

 ‘Of‘ is a preposition which is used in sentences to show belongingness or possessiveness. (relationship between words)

‘off‘ is a preposition which is used when we mean ‘away from a person, object or place’. (disconnection/dislocation)

Examples of

Remember: belongingness or possessiveness.

She is the sister of my mother.

The painting is made up of watercolours.

There is an overall decrease of 2% in the company’s profit.

Examples off

Remember: 'away from a person, object or place’

The policeman is off duty today.

Many employees are laid off this year from the company.

The plane took off, after an hour of delay.

Exercise

A part .... me

A heart .... gold

The dog ran .... .

A cup .... coffee.

He fell .... the podium.

Take it ..... the table.

How to remember the difference ?

The first and foremost difference between these two words lies in their pronunciation, in the sense that while ‘of’ is pronounced with a ‘v’ sound, whereas, ‘off’ is pronounced as an ‘f’ sound. Secondly, ‘of’ is mainly used as a preposition, but ‘off’ is commonly used as an adverb.

AND:

off is the opposite of on

Extra practice

https://www.englishpage.com/prepositions/direction_prepositions_2.htm

https://owl.purdue.edu/owl_exercises/grammar_exercises/prepositions/prepositions_of_direction_exercise.html 

https://www.curso-

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-80419.php

Should + inf.

ZOU MOETEN

Goed advies of iets afraden.

You should listen to your mother.

You shouldn't lie to your mother

Must + inf

Je vind zelf dat jij iets moet doen of dat iets moet gebeuren.

I must stop smoking.

They must learn better for their tests.

Mustn't + inf

must not = een verbod (a prohibition)

You must not chew gum in school.

You must not drive when drunk

Have to + inf.

Regels van iemand anders.

Zekerheid, noodzaak, verplichting.

We have to do homework.

He has to be brilliant. He aced his math!

You have to help me! I'm desperate!

I have to support them. They need it.

Don't have to + 

Er is geen verplichting. 

Het hoeft niet.

I don't have to hand this in today. I can do it tomorrow.

He doesn't have to work. He's a multi-millionaire.

Ought to + inf.

Formeel

Advies

Verplichting

You ought to call the police. 

She ought to be more careful.

I ought to phone my parents.